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<br />organisms by limiting the placement or location of mixing zones. <br /> <br />The concept of mixing zones as a regulatory tool to address the incomplete mixing of wastewater <br />discharges in receiving waters has been embraced by both EP A and its predecessor agencies as <br />part of a larger regulatoty effort to ensure that point source discharges of wastes do not impair <br />beneficial uses. EP A interprets the CW A as allowing the use of mixing zones as long as the <br />provisions addressing toxicity at section 101 (a)(3) are met and the designated uses of the water <br />body as a whole are protected. One court has considered the application of a mixing zone in a <br />discharge permit and upheld EP A's use of a limited mixing zone (See Hercules v EP A. 598 f.2d <br />91 (D.C. Cir. 1978)). <br /> <br />The concept of a mixing zone is covered by a series of guidance documents issued by EP A and <br />its predecessor agencies (see, for example: Water Ouality Criteria (Green Book), federal Water <br />Pollution Control Administration, 1968, pp. 29-31; Water Ouality Criteria 1972 (Blue Book), <br />EPA, March 1973, pp. 112-115,231-232,403-457; Guidelines for Developinv or Revisinv Water <br />Ouality Standards. January 1973; Chl\Pter 5 - Guidelines for State and Areawide Water Ouality <br />Mana!!ement Provram Development. November, 1976; Allocated Impact Zones for Areas of <br />Non-Compliance, EPA Region 1, October 1986; The Water Ouality Standards Handbook <br />August, 1994, pp.5-1 to 5-11; Technical Support Document for W ater Ouality-ba~ed Toxies <br />Control (TSD), March, 1991, pp. 31-34, 56-60,69-89). <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br />