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<br />Table 3. Solute chemistry of surface water samples for the area around wells 2-4 and from <br />Spring Creek eWelll) at the Spring Creek study site. E.c. is electrical conductance in <br />umhos/cm2, and all other values are concentrations in mgIL. <br /> <br />Well E.C. Ca ...M.9. Na ....!S CO, HCO, SO, .Q! NO, <br />1 32.8 4.1 1.0 2.0 0.3 <0.1 19.1 1.7 0.8 0.8 <br />2 101 17.3 2.8 2.2 1.0 <0.1 66.3 2.4 2.4 <0.1 <br />3 32.3 6.2 0.8 1.7 0.1 <0.1 24.1 1.6 0.4 0.8 <br />4 32.1 6.2 0.8 1.7 0.2 <0.1 22.9 3.0 0.4 0.8 <br /> <br />Vegetation <br />Vegetation of the Spring Creek site is complex for such a small area. The northern side <br />of the spring is dominated by a large stand of Carex aquatilis, which also supports the exotic <br />invasive Trifolium repens. At wells 4, 5, 2 and 7 Carex utriculata is dominant. At wells 8, 3, 9 <br />and 10 the vegetation mat is sparse and large herbaceous plant species, characteristic of ground <br />water discharge sites, particularly Corydalis caseana, Senecio triangularis and Cardamine <br />cordifolia, are abundant on gravel soils. In the center of the channel two small islands occur <br />with thick (8-16 inches) topsoil. The thick soil is in stark contrast to the bare gravel substrate <br />located on the eastern and southern side ofthe.-spring complex. It appears that the site may have <br />been severely impacted by livestock grazing which led to the destruction and erosion of topsoil <br />from the western and southern side of the wetland area. This could have led to a down cutting of <br />the channel, resulting in a water table decline in the remaining wetland areas. <br /> <br />12 <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br />