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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:28:58 PM
Creation date
10/1/2006 2:17:17 PM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Weather Modification
Applicant
Western Kansas Groundwater Management
Project Name
Western Kansas Weather Modification Program
Date
1/1/1999
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />: I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />supercell. If any inadvertent tornado mitigation really is occurring it is probably is due to the fact <br />that adequate amounts of seeding agent are well-dispersed within the new growth 'daughter' <br />clouds (or feeder clouds) feeding the primary updraft of the complex system. We have observed <br />on some occasions during the seeding of supercells, that when there aren't enough aircraft, or if <br />the aircraft numbers are sufficient but they lack sufficient seeding capability, a tornado appears <br />more often. The WKWMP is the only cloud seeding progriun that allows cloud seeding to be <br />performed on all storms, particularly those which show funnel clouds or a tornado in progress <br />since hail most always accompanies them. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />Presently, the scientific community-at-large is reluctant to look into this aspect of cloud <br />seeding. Some researchers probably would be terrified at the thought of tornado mitigation being <br />possible. Presently, meteorological research is being conducted, but not to learn answers about <br />combating weather problems, only to learn all they can about a variety of meteorological <br />phenomena. That is, it's fair to ask a researcher all kinds of questions about the nature of a <br />certain phenomenon, but it's not fair to ask him how to prevent it (particularly when it comes to <br />hail and tornadoes), that's not his purpose in life. Those problems aren't being solved by <br />researchers nowadays due to a Federal government funding cutoff . <br /> <br />The cloud system known as a squall line is an organized line of cumulonimbus clouds <br />many miles in length. Important updraft areas are found along its advancing cloud edges. Updrafts <br />important to the precipitation and hail processes are seldom found along the trailing edges of <br />these lines except at its end, or at significant breaks within the line. Squall lines can be extensive, <br />crossing a few counties within a state, or even crossing more than one state; frequently squall <br />lines are associated with surface troughing ahead of frontal passages. Updrafts can easily exceed <br />2,000 - 4,000 feet per minute and produce "scud" clouds visible nearly to the ground. Ahead of <br />the squall line, updraft areas are usually smooth. <br /> <br />Convective Scale Interaction is a term given to the process in which.a collapsing storm <br />produces precipitation and downdrafts which promote subsequent new cloud growth. Downdraft <br />air, also called the gust front or outflow boundary, fans out below its cloud base undercutting the <br />relatively warm, moist air. If moisture is sufficient in the air being lifted above the gust front, it <br />can rise into an unstable atmosphere and grow rapidly into another new severe storm which <br />quickly reaches maturity. Then, that storm collapses producing a strong downdraft, thereby <br />repeating the earlier sequence again; this can happen over and over again, many times. Single <br />outflow boundaries have been known to be strong enough to travel 100-200 miles, or more, from <br />its parent storm. Satellite views of clouds forming along these moving gust fronts often show <br />them aligning into a semi-circular, fan-shape orientation which are called arc-clouds. Some of <br />these clouds, themselves can develop into large, severe convective storm systems. Single storms, <br />bow-echo formations, multiple storms and supercells all have been identified as forming along <br />these gust fronts. Earlier research in the southeastern part of the U.S.A. has estimated 60%-75% <br />of the storms existing in late afternoon on a typical storm day were caused by this interaction. <br /> <br />10 <br />
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