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<br />Fr~..... ChA('trrIJI:. .$..-..+......-6. <}.q',,-:~r..;:;~'r"'':-'''+A+-.t..- E.tf....+;ve....e~4C-_sk
<br />"n", -1.-''',/'1..-& _ ~ S",'4.,.., E,,~A~~.....r_i - 1>7 Lr"_ ~ l:'d.:s b~...t:.,,=,.- - 1<J'y
<br />2. Aug/ll<'llIillg Ih.' C,II,>rodo Ilir." by IFOS..!
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<br />Durin~ winler in the Uppa Color~IJo Ri"cr na~ill. 5upcrcookJ cloud!.
<br />art: {orflll.:J ol'1:r Ihl.: llifhL'( t'kl':tliom as moi,'l Jir is ftlrccrJ by .~troflg ~'ind_~
<br />over Ih~ m:ljor rnountJin masses. Under certain f.:lvorJbh: conditions as sum-
<br />marized below, the prccipil:11i()O lhJI would occur oJturally from these clouds
<br />can be incrcJs..-J bv Sl.'ct.lin~ with silver ioJidc ~lllt)kc. The air mJSS must h;Jvc a
<br />hieh moisture contenl, :lOU Ihe cloud. including its upper boundary. should
<br />be W:lrIll<=f (hall -:W"C. The component of :lIrllow perpendicular 10 the moun-
<br />,lain rid~~ must1>\: rd<.llivclv'st-rorl~~-~nd it must be possible to dIsperse sllvcr
<br />iodide :lrtidcs within lh..: dQuJ in <.I prOpri;Jle numbers to serve;ls ice cryst;ll
<br />-nucki.. Silver iodide smoke from 2round.b::lsed ~enerators must C I uSt;
<br />by lurbuknce :!.nd Iifled by <.Iirf1o; into cloud r;gions th:!.t ::lre colder th::ln
<br />-IO"C. Thl.' ice CfYSIJIs formed mllst have time 10 2fOW 10:l size that will f;Jll
<br />to e,:lflh bd<lre rca~hinF the downdrafls Ihat exist o~ the br side of the moun.
<br />tJin.
<br />An operationJI cloud sCl'ding. ~)'slcm was postul:ltcd based on the tech-
<br />nical dct~ils of I ill's": rrocl'~SCS. The system consists of ccntra!i~cd m:lI1ageOll'1l1
<br />COnfrol, ,,:\.::}u>Jlillll. ;11~d pllhljc scrvice functions, with t:lf,get ;lrea opcration;1j
<br />servic~~ and ma;nlenallc,,:: l:i:wicIS to C\)\'l'f :111 <If the potenli:llJy useful se..::ding
<br />. SIll:.lI r:ini.:k~ ;,t_>o\:: ,"h....!'; i.;c rryqai (urn~;Jli(on and ~rowlh l;Jkes rbcc.
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<br />are:lS in thc Upp.:r Colur:uJo Basin. This system is expecled to have an :lvcr::l~c
<br />annu:ll direct co:.t of 55...: million for ::Ill of th~ potential t:lrget areas in Ihe
<br />Upp.:r Basin.
<br />The postulalcd s)'.~lelll is not c:o;pectctl to b.:: mad..: obsolete rJpidly by
<br />tcchnologic::ll t1..:vdopOlents. ~bjor changes arc not e.\pcctetl in ground.based
<br />cloud sc~ding equipment in Ine near future but r"lher in the cOnlrol and 11l0ni.
<br />toring of cloud sl.:..:t1ing 'operalions. A major improvement in meteorological
<br />inforOl:J.tion imporl;)nt 10 cloud seeding ""ill be provid~d by the introduction
<br />of impro\'ed wcather nod carth resources sJldJires.
<br />As WOSA t("chnolo!!y ......ould be appli("d at the present time to the Upper
<br />Color:!.do River Basin. the most probable lon!:!:.term aver:u!.e increase in snow.
<br />fall at dcvations abovc H,ODQ rc..:t that could be realized is in the r:ln!:c of 20
<br />!O 25 percent. The ;ncre:rsc'i arc roduced mninJ b ch:tm~ing- hours j~n w/1id'l.
<br />lilllc snowfa I would have occurred into p.:riods of signific::Int snow ::III. n.
<br />creases In snowbll wer..: estunalcd by uSlllg hlstoneal data obtained !rorn The
<br />u.S. Geological Survey and the Nation::ll Wealher Service along with current
<br />understanding of Ih..: physical phenomena associ::ll~ with cloud seeding. These
<br />estimJtes were verified for three loc:llions in the Basin based on a winter ora-
<br />2r:1phic cloud sc.::lIin!! nHxl..-:t \.h:vclopcd bv ColorndQ $t::lh: UnivcT'SlIV :lnd d:J.~v
<br />precipitntion :lnd uppcr air dala for nine winl..:r seasons beginning in 1951.
<br />.T:~~ estimated avcr:Jgc Inere::!se In preClplt:lIIOn vanes from 25 percent In 11i'C
<br />sout~~~_r~...J~~rt of thc UJStll to 15 p..:rc..:nt In th~ northern and C:lsh:rn larg~.
<br />~. Applying. Ihese factors and Ihe Jp ropriatc factors for convertin~ cumu-
<br />.~:tivc prccipiGiiolllo stream ow to e:!ch part of {he UJsin. it was found that an
<br />.::~mentetl snow lIldt rUl10lT of about 2.3 million :Ierc feet could be produced
<br />in a normal )'C:lr. TIm wlluJlI V;Jry frOIll ;Jbout 1.1 i\hl In a lnw w:Jlcr or un';
<br />y.::ar to 3.6 ffirin :! high watcr or wet y,,:!r. Since the effects of Ihe Was:,
<br />syslcm would nOI oc conlinl'tllo the Upper Ll.J5in, 0.5, 1.2. and 1.9l'>bf could
<br />be c:o;pccl..:d in )'t::Jrs cnnsidcrcd to produce low, normal. Jnd high amounts
<br />of runoff frl!ln the was A rr..:cipit:!lion th:!t falls oUlsid..: the Basin. (This
<br />oUI.of.b:lsin cOlllpon...nt could bc increased by a cbnf:c in s)'slem design.)
<br />I!l": corresr(lndifl~ 110rmJI \....ar Jircc( \.'0:\( per :Icre.(oot is 52,37 far in-b:J.sin
<br />~l~r.l~~r :InJ S [.5~ f'lr lol:d rl1!l\llf. The <lir..:...t cost for prodllcin~ WOSA wat.:r
<br />l,,~k~,,--tl~:ln.--!~~,~~~\'~~:..r_rr;JCli"':Jll\lo.::lns for prO/..lllcinf: or brinfing n.::\~'
<br />wala jnltl lh~. 1l;I,jll. II j, ;d~" ll'\" lh:!n tht: cnq of rnn,t OIe:J."" ]'lrl\~n\cd -,'Or-
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