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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:27:58 PM
Creation date
10/1/2006 2:13:30 PM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Weather Modification
Sponsor Name
MWDSC
Project Name
Weather Modification White Paper
Title
Weather Modification for Precipitation Augmentation and Its Potential Usefulness to the Colorado River Basin States
Prepared For
Colorado River 7 Basin States
Prepared By
Tom Ryan - Metro Water District of Southern California
Date
10/1/2005
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />Reclamation States Emergencv Drought Relief Act of 1991. The Reclamation States <br />Emergency Drought Relief Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-250) authorized the Secretary <br />"to conduct a Precipitation Management Technology Transfer Program to help alleviate <br />problems caused by precipitation variability and droughts in the West, as part of a <br />balanced long-term water resources development and management program." Section <br />206(b) states that "in consultation with State, Tribal, and local water, hydropower, water <br />quality and in stream flow interests, areas shall be selected for conducting field studies... <br />to validate and quantify the potential for appropriate precipitation management <br />technology to augment stream flows." Upon successful completion of such a program, <br />validated technologies will be ''transferred to nonFederal [sic] interests for operational <br />implementation." The 1991 Act was the authorizing legislation for the Weather Damage <br />Modification Program, described in a subsequent section. <br /> <br />Weather Modification Research and Technologv Transfer Authorization Act (S. 517) <br />K.B. Hutchison. (R-Texas). On March 3, 2005, Senator Hutchinson re-introduced a bill <br />that is identical to the weather modification bill she introduced in the last Congress. The <br />Act would develop and implement a comprehensive and coordinated national weather <br />modification policy and a national coopemtive Federal and State program of weather <br />modification research and development. The work would be accomplished through the <br />Department of Commerce Weather Modification and Advisory Research Board. The <br />duties include promotion of research and development, providing financial assistance, <br />and biennial reporting. The legislation would authorize $10 million for 10 fiscal years. <br />There has been no movement on the bill since its introduction, and her staff is working to <br />get at least some of the provisions of this bill incorporated into the Senate's version of a <br />NOAA authorization bill, which is again making its way through the legislative process. <br />A copy of the bill may be found in Appendix A. <br /> <br />Weather Modification Research and Technologv Transfer Authorization Act of 2005 <br />(HR. 2995). On June 20, 2005, Rep. Udall (D-Colomdo) introduced this companion bill <br />to S. 517, which also seeks to develop and implement a comprehensive and coordinated <br />national weather modification policy and a national cooperative Federal and State <br />program of weather modification research and development. The House and Senate bills <br />are nearly identical. <br /> <br />The Primary Winter Cloud and Precipitation Process <br /> <br />Because there is strong evidence that wintertime seeding for snowpack augmentation <br />works and because the high mountains in the Colorado River Basin provide excellent <br />seeding targets, only winter seeding will be addressed here. In general terms, winter <br />cloud seeding attempts to mimic natural snow production processes in clouds that are <br />inefficient in producing ice crystals and snowfall. During winter storms, moist air is <br />forced to ascend over mountain ranges by prevailing winds (orographic ascent). This <br />upward movement causes the air to cool. The rising and cooling of moist air results in <br />water vapor condensing into droplets to form a cloud. The mte of production of liquid <br />water is determined by the air's temperature, humidity, and upward motion. The tiny <br />cloud water droplets have insignificant fall speeds so they are suspended in the airstream. <br />If not converted to snowflakes while continuing to rise over the mountain, the droplets <br /> <br />-4- <br />
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