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<br />PROJECT <br />SPOSSOR: <br /> <br />'- <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />I. Lake Almanor - PG&E <br />2. T ahoe- T ruckee . Desert <br />Research Institute (DRI) <br />3. Upper American River. <br />Sacramento Municipal Utility <br />District <br />4. Upper Moke1umnc River. <br />PG&E <br />5. Carson and Walker Rivers - DRI <br />6. Tuolumne River - Turlock and <br />Modesto Imgation District <br />7. San Joaquin Ri \fer - SeE <br />8. Eastern Sierra - Los Angeles <br />Department of Water and Power <br />9. Kings River - Kings River <br />Conservation District <br />10. Kawcah River -Kaweah Delta <br />Water Conservation District <br />11. Kern River - North Kern Water <br />Storage District <br />12. Santa Barbara County - Santa <br />Barbara County <br />13. Monterey County - ~Ionlerey <br />County <br /> <br />.' <br /> <br />t1) <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />}~ <br /> <br />c <br /> <br /> <br />, <br />, <br /> <br />r <br /> <br /><:0- <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />\::::> <br /> <br />'-<- <br />w' <br /> <br />Figure 2. Map of operational seeding projects in California as of winter 2004-2005. along with project <br />sponsors. <br /> <br />No rigorous, comprehensive study has been made of all California precipitation enhancement <br />projects. Part of the reason is the ditliculty in selecting suitable cot/trol basins unalTected by <br />seeding. yet whose natural precipitation or streamflow are highly correlated \vith the target. A <br />suitable seh.-ction facilitates comparison of the control and nearby target area using statisticsl8. <br />Unfortunately, wind variations in the Sierras can cause seeding plume transport and spillover of <br />seeding etlccts into adjoining areas. Target-control comparisons based on the common statistical <br />method of historical regression also assume that the climate has been stable over many decades. <br />a potential problem discllssed further in Section C3c. Some studies of individual projects have <br />been made, such as the Kings River, which have sho\'...n "increases in water:' Atmospherics Inc. <br />of Fresno has prepared numerous annual evaluation reports for several central Sierra projects. <br />These reports show long-term increases in streamllow via multiple regression analysis, including <br />a six percent increase from 1954-196...1. on the Kings Rivcr19:20. Ycar-by-year analyses of <br />strcamllow have shO\vn both positive and negative effects in seeded basins, however, suggesting <br />limitations of this method and the selected control area streams. A study of the Lake Almanor <br />project using a network of precipitation gages in target and control areas found statistically <br />significant increases in precipitation during certain stoml types21. This precipitation gage <br />network was costly to operate and has been eliminated from the current project. It has been <br /> <br />8 <br />