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<br /> <br />FOREWORD <br /> <br />baditionally, management of water resources has focused on surface water or ground water as <br />if they were separate entities, As development of land and water resources increases, it is apparent that <br />development of either of these resources affects the quantity and quality of the other, Nearly all surface- <br />water features (streams, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and estuaries) interact with ground water, These <br />interactions take many forms, In many situations, surface-water bodies gain water and solutes from <br />ground-water systems and in others the surface-water body is a source of ground-water recharge and <br />causes changes in ground-water quality. As a result, withdrawal of water from streams can deplete <br />ground water or conversely, pumpage of ground water can deplete water in streams, lakes, or wetlands, <br />Pollution of surface water can cause degradation of ground-water quality and conversely pollution <br />of ground water can degrade surface water, Thus, effective land and water management requires a <br />clear understanding of the linkages between ground water and surface water as it applies to any given <br />hydrologic setting, <br /> <br />This Circular presents an overview of current understanding of the interaction of ground water <br />and surface water, in terms of both quantity and quality, as applied to a variety of landscapes across the <br />Nation, This Circular is a product of the Ground-Water Resources Program of the US, Geological Survey, <br />It serves as a general educational document rather than a report of new scientific findings, Its intent is to <br />help other Federal, State, and local agencies build a firm scientific foundation for policies governing the <br />management and protection of aquifers and watersheds, Effective policies and management practices <br />must be built on a foundation that recognizes that surface water and ground water are simply two mani- <br />festations of a single integrated resource, It is our hope that this Circular will contribute to the use of such <br />effective policies and management practices, <br /> <br />f2~ Ih. /~ <br /> <br />Robert M, Hirsch <br />Chief Hydrologist <br /> <br />III <br />