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. . . . . . ~ .-39- A third phase of this search for more water is found in the develop- ment of pump irrigation. Until the 1930ls this type of irrigation was not important in the Poudre Valley. However, the first well from which water w'as to be pumped for irrigating purposes, was dug east of Eaton in 1888. The search for additional water supplies reveals an ingenuity and resourcefulness that is notable. However, the greatest. of the conserva- tion measures developed in thePoudre has been the system of exchange of water. The principle behind the exchange of water is very simple. The higher up in the valley that water can be stored and used the more efficient will be its us~. Evaporation losses will be at a minimum, and return flow will be at a maximum. / This is the sit~ation that has led to the development of the exchange system. There are four large ditches coming out of the north bank of the Poudre. The Cache La Poudre Ditch, which is the old Greeley Number Two, is the oldest of the large ditches. Its head gate is the farthest down the stream of any of the main ditches. Next is the Larimer and Weld, the Eaton Ditch. Its priority is junior to the Cache La Poudre, but it is senior to the Larimer County and the North poudre ditches. Its head gate is above the Cache La poudre, but below the Larimer County and North Poudre. Junior to all the ditches, but the highest on the river, is the North Poudre. Now the Cache La Poudre Ditch Company could insist on getting its decreed water from the direct flow of the river during the late summer, while its three competitors would suffer from lack of an adequate supply. It would be a more convenient and less troublesome way. Instead, a system of water exchanges was developed which has greatly increased the efficiency of irrigation, and stimulated the utilization of all reservoir sites. The North poudre, for example, has developed reservoirs which are too low to be of service-to lands lying under its system. Therefore, to utilize this stored water, the North poudre releases water to the Larimer County Ditch lying directly below it, and, in turn, the Larimer County releases water from its reservoirs to the Larimer and Weld. Finally, the Larimer and Weld releases water from its reservoirs to the Cache La Poudre, which completes the exchange, by permitting the North Foudre to divert water from the North Fork of the river for use in the Wellington district. This system of exchanges was developed by private agreement. The water commissioner now super- vises such exchanges, covers 5 percent toll to cover seepage losses in transit, and keeps a complete record of the amounts exchanged between the several irrigation companies. This development is a great achievement in co-operation and greatly promotes the efficiency of the use of water in the poudre Valley. other contributions have been made from the Poudre Valley. Dr. Law and G. roax Clark were the pioneers interested in water measurement. Ulti- mately, the problem was satisfactorily solved by another poudre man, Ralph Parshall. At Colorado A & M, Elwood Mead started the first work in irrigation engineering. His successor at the College, after Mead had gone on to Wyoming, was Louis Carpenter. Under Professor Carpenter the first experiment station work in irrigated agriculture was undertaken. It was a Greeley man, Delph Carpenter, who became the great exponent of