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Last modified
8/11/2009 11:39:59 AM
Creation date
9/30/2006 10:07:09 PM
Metadata
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Template:
Publications
Year
1978
Title
Report on the Water Conservation Opportunities Study
CWCB Section
Water Conservation & Drought Planning
Author
U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation & Bureau of Indian Affairs
Description
Results of a study by the Bureau of Reclamation and the Bureau of Indian Affairs to identify projects having potentially attractive opportunities for conserving irrigation water supplies in the West
Publications - Doc Type
Brochure
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<br /> <br />, <br /> <br />affect the conveyance and delivery <br />of irrigation water to farms. <br />Can a 1 san d 1 ate r a 1 s may be <br />unlined, compacted earth lined, <br />concrete 1 i ned, or 1 i ned wi th <br />other materials (asphaltic or <br />plastic). Delivery may also be in <br />pipe. Open canal and lateral <br />systems mayor may not be provi ded <br />wi th adequate check structures to <br />control water level s, thereby <br />affecti ng the abil i ty to control <br />the flow through the system. <br />Pipe systems may have gravity flow <br />or pressure flow. <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Physical conditions of canal and <br />lateral systems are affected by <br />age, materials utilized, level of <br />maintenance, period of annual <br />operation, and climate. The <br />method of water delivery to the <br />farms is a variable. Four <br />principal methods of water <br />del i very are commonly used: <br />rotation, demand, modified demand, <br />and continuous flow. In actual <br />practice, a combination of two or <br />more of these methods may be used <br />depending on location of the farm <br />wi th respect to the project <br />conveyance system, seasonal <br />water requirements, source of <br />water, and availability of <br />storage. <br /> <br />Method of applying irrigation <br />water on the farm is influenced by <br />the method of water delivery, the <br />soil, topographic conditions, <br />field size, farm conveyance <br />system, crops grown, climatic <br />conditions, onfarm labor, and <br />management. There are three <br />basic methods of applying water: <br />(1) pressurized irrigation <br />systems, (2) surface or gravity <br />irrigation systems, and (3) <br />subsurface or subirrigation <br />systems. <br /> <br />As a result of the multiplicity of <br />factors influencing irrigation <br />water requirements of specific <br />crops and ability to deliver <br />i rri gati on water from its source <br />to the plant, the amounts of <br />irrigation water diverted or <br />wi thdrawn have a wi de range of <br />values. <br /> <br />Consumptive Use of Irrigation <br />Application <br /> <br />The application of irrigation <br />water serves to provide that <br />portion of the water supply not <br />naturally available to the crop <br />for consumpti on and growth. The <br />results are increased crop yi el ds <br />and improved crop quality. That <br />portion of the applied irrigation <br />water that is consumptively used <br />by crops and which evaporates from <br />the surface of soil and vegetation <br />is being identified for the <br />purposes of this report as <br />the consumptive use of irrigation <br />application (CUIA). The CUIA data <br />presented represent an average <br />for all crops grown within a <br />specific service area. <br /> <br />Under similar climatic and soil <br />conditi ons, different crops in a <br />gi ven servi ce area wi 11 probably <br />consume different amounts of <br />water. Certain crops (alfalfa, <br />pasture, or hay) are generally <br />higher consumers of water than <br />others (sorghum, wheat, or soy <br />beans). Additionally, the <br />same crop grown in different <br />servi ce areas wi 11 generally <br />not consume the same amount of <br />water. <br /> <br />The variations of the CUIA values <br />among i rri gati on servi ce areas <br />presented in this report result <br />primarily from differences in <br /> <br />9 <br />
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