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30 I OFFSTREAM USE Commercial water use includes water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office build- ings, other commercial facilities, and civilian and mili- tary institutions. A few States, such as Arkansas, Oregon, and Califomia, have some off- stream fish hatcheries that are included in the commercial category in this report. Most fish hatcheries are located instream and are not included in this compilation. Information on commercial withdrawals sometimes is available through State agencies that permit with- drawals or require permits to operate potable water supplies. In many cases, withdrawal esti- mates were based on the popu- lation of the commercial facilities; that is, the number of students attending a university, inma1es in a penal institution, workers in an office building. or the average occupancy rate of a hotel. Information on deliver- ies from public suppliers to SOURCE commercial users were estimat- ed from a variety of methods if not available directly from public suppliers. Consumptive use estimates were based on coefficients generally ranging from 5 to 30 percent of with- drawals and deliveries, Commercial water use (withdrawals, deliveries) dur- ing 1990 was an estimated 8,290 Mgal/d, or 19 percent more than during 1985. Over one-half of the increase occurred in Oregon, the result of including offstream fish hatcheries in this category. Commercial use represents about 2 percent of total freshwater use for all offstream categories. Commercial with- drawals were an estimated 2,390 Mgal/d. Surface water was the source for about 62 per- cent of commercial withdraw- als. Public suppliers delivered about 5,900 Mgal/d of fresh- water to commercial users dur- ing 1990; this accoun1ed for Ground water 11 about 15 percent of total public- supply withdrawals, The source and disposition of water for commercial pur- poses are shown in the chart below. The consumptive use of water for commercial pur- poses during 1990 was about 885 Mgal/d, or 11 percent of withdrawals and deliveries. The Pacific Northwest, California, and Upper Missis- sippi water-resources regions withdrew the most water for commercial purposes as shown in figure 13. These regions accounted for over 50 percent of withdrawals for commercial use (table 13). Oregon reported the largest self-supplied com- mercial withdrawals as shown in figure 14 and table 14. The large increase in Oregon was because offstream fish hatcher- ies were included in the com- mercial category for the first time. California, Oregon, and Illinois reported the most com- mercial water use (figure 15). DISPOSITION 8,290 MILLION GALLONS PER DAY COMMERCIAL SOURCE AND DISPOSITION, 1990, IN PERCENT , \1 '~