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Direction of Flow <br />Cres t <br />Btithe Rock <br />Rivc-rbcl (sand and cobblc) <br />Figure 8. A section view of the apex of the U- structure. <br />Figure 8 shows a section view of the apex of the arch. This Figure shows that the arch is <br />sunk into the riverbed such that the crest of the structure, which is the highest point on the <br />upstream side, is even with the existing riverbed. Setting the structure even with the existing <br />riverbed has two effects. First it ensures that the unconstricted river level is no higher than <br />the existing river level, and secondly it ensures that there are no dynamic fluid forces on the <br />structure due to current flow. Sinking the arch in the riverbed also supports the structure <br />laterally and prevents torsion on the structure. <br />A base rock, also shown in Figure 8, is shown at the downstream end of the structure. The - <br />base rock is sunk into the cobble and is keyed into the rock that forms the structure in order <br />to reinforce the structure and to protect the structure from erosion caused by eddy currents. <br />These structures are designed such that the river is usable at a variety of water levels. Figure <br />9 shows a profile view of the U- structure looking upstream. This view highlights the <br />versatile design of these structures. The low flow channel can be designed to provide deep <br />_J <br />25 <br />