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2) to extend the District's "whole river strategy" throughout the Conejos River system in <br /> order to efficiently manage Rio Grande Compact entitled waters; <br /> 3) to assist small ditch companies in the critical upfrastructure, and emplo Colorado the <br /> New Mexico border to upgrade the structures, install the <br /> most effective water-management technologies available; and <br /> 4) to significantly improve water management efficiencies the Conejos Main Stem, the <br /> North Branch of the Conejos, and the San Antonio River as they converge at The <br /> Confluence. <br /> History and General Nature of The Service Area <br /> The Conejos Area of the San Luis Valley was Spanish Territory for many years. In 1848, the land States <br /> which included modern Conejos, Costilla, and Alam psoas�°emote northern to the <br /> t of colon al <br /> by Mexico. By 1854 this area had become the <br /> Mexico,with the first Spanish American settlement near the present town of Conejos. <br /> In 1878, a group of Mormons came to Los Cerritos, near project <br /> Manassa was surveyed and <br /> established a school, and built a church. In 1879, the e ast half of <br /> settled by another group of newly-arrived Mormons. In those times conditions were <br /> predominantly wet. At one point the town of Ephraim had to be moved due to flooding and <br /> the high water table. Irrigation structures back then were designed for much higher flows and <br /> wetter conditions, and they function poorly, if at all, in today's conditions of extended drought. <br /> Ranching and irrigated farming are the principal income-producing activities in the project area, <br /> with most ranchers growing winter feed for livestock and raising cattle. The main crops are <br /> meadow hay and alfalfa, with a few raising barley and oats, and with hardly anyone these days <br /> raising potatoes or lettuce, as was the case 40 or 50 years ago. <br /> Predominant soils in the LaJara-Mogote-LosSauces areas of <br /> also level <br /> ly <br /> deep, and poorly drained. Soils on flood plains and low terraces <br /> drained. The project area is on the flood plain of the LaSauses unit (a common historical <br /> misspelling), with soils typically poorly drained a�of sand and clay loam alkali-affected. They <br /> ay loam and the <br /> he <br /> meadow grasses and shrubs, with the surface layer Y <br /> subsoil of heavy clay loam. The substratum is stratified heavy clay loam and loam over sand <br /> and gravel. This unit is mainly irrigated meadow and cropland. <br /> g Prepared by the Conejos Water Conservancy District, P.O. Box 550, Manassa,CO 81141 <br /> Per Contract:Nicole V.Langley,Transforma Research&Design(www.transformagrants.com) <br />