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Estimating Additional Water Yield From Changes in Management of National Forests in the North Platte Basin
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Estimating Additional Water Yield From Changes in Management of National Forests in the North Platte Basin
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Last modified
3/29/2013 2:57:42 PM
Creation date
3/6/2013 10:50:04 AM
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Water Supply Protection
Description
An Independent Report Prepared for the Platte River EIS Office U.S. Department of the Interior Related to Platte River Endangered Species Partnership (aka Platte River Recovery Implementation Program or PRRIP),
State
CO
NE
WY
Basin
North Platte
Water Division
6
Date
5/12/2000
Author
Charles A. Troendle, Matcom Corporation & James M. Nankervis, Blue Mountain Consultants
Title
Estimating Additional Water Yield from Changes in Management of Ntional Forests in the North Platte Bains, Final Report
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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t <br />h of i r h <br />In the snow zone o the Central Rockies, forest removal as been shown to <br />reduce canopy interception losses in the winter months, resulting in greater <br />snow pack accumulation (Wilm and Dunford 1948; Dietrich and Meiman <br />1974; Gary and Troendle 1982; Troendle and Kleiman 1984; Potts, 1984; <br />Gary and Watkins 1985; Troendle and King 1987; Meiman 1987; Schmidt <br />and Troendle 1989; and Troendle and Reuss 1997). A similar reduction in <br />interception loss (E), as well as reduced transpiration (T), occurs during the <br />growing season following harvest (Wilm and Dunford 1948; Troendle <br />1987a; Troendle and Reuss 1997). The reduction in summer ET results in <br />less soil -water depletion onsite, but it is only at the hillslope level that these <br />wetter soils have, heretofore, been demonstrated to result in an increase in <br />either late season base flow, or summer storm response (Troendle and Reuss <br />1997). This lack of demonstrated, late- season stream flow response to <br />timber harvest is a reflection of the limited precipitation, _causing the sub <br />alpine forest to be water - limited in the late summer. The elevated soil- <br />moisture levels in the harvested area, although not generally a demonstrated <br />factor in influencing current season runoff, do play a significant role in <br />response during the next snowmelt period. At that time, less melt -water is <br />needed onsite to recharge the soil and excess melt -water becomes available <br />for stream flow sooner (Troendle and King 1987; Troendle 1987b). As a <br />result, changes in flow resulting from forest disturbance in the snow zone <br />have always occurred on the rising side of the hydrograph, or early in the <br />runoff season. In all snow zone studies, monthly flow change has been <br />observed to consistently occur only in May and sometimes in June during <br />snowmelt runoff (Troendle et al. 1998) with no detectable change during the <br />balance of the runoff season. In addition, the largest increases in seasonal <br />flow, following timber harvest, occur during the wettest years while the <br />smallest increases in seasonal flow are usually associated with the drier <br />years (Troendle and Leaf 1980; Troendle and King 1985, 1987; Troendle et <br />al. 1998). These two factors mandate that adequate storage be available to <br />!!� make the increases in yield available when needed such as during periods of <br />Y gP <br />low flow. In contrast, the slow growth rate of sub alpine vegetation makes <br />hydrologic recovery following timber harvest, or the return to pre - harvest <br />flow levels, quite slow (Troendle and King 1985; Shepperd et al. 1991) and <br />makes the efficiency and cost effectiveness of water yield augmentation <br />seem quite attractive. <br />The first "paired" watershed study that looked at the effect of timber harvest <br />on water yield occurred on the headwaters of the Rio Grande River at <br />Wagon Wheel Gap, CO (Bates and Henry 1928). Stream flow from two <br />3 <br />
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