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acres. Land managers must recognize the potential multiple -use values of <br />each area, determine primary and secondary uses, and then select the <br />management alternative that will enhance or protect those values. On any <br />individual site it is likely, even probable, that some uses must be sacrificed <br />or diminished to maintain the quantity or quality of others (Alexander 1977). <br />However, all areas cannot be managed for the same, or a single, resource or <br />value at the detriment of other resources. Today, land managers are <br />concerned with ecosystem sustainability implying they manage for all <br />resources. This concept, and mandate, would imply an even further <br />reduction in the percentage of "suitable and treatable" land base that could <br />be dedicated to water yield augmentation at the detriment of other resources. <br />Current revisions of the Forest Plans reflect these complex tradeoffs more so <br />than past efforts. <br />5 Wildlife Habitat <br />4 Closed Forest <br />3 Species <br />2 <br />BC PC US MS SS GS IS NC <br />5 <br />4 <br />3 Wildlife Habitat <br />2 Open Forest <br />BC PC US MS SS GS IS NC <br />5 <br />4 <br />3 <br />2 Water Yield <br />1 <br />BC PC US MS SS GS IS NC <br />5 <br />4 Timber Growth <br />3 and Yield <br />2 <br />BC PC US MS SS GS IS NC <br />livestock Forage <br />BC PC US MS SS GS IS NC <br />Recreation and <br />Esthetics <br />• Flypothetipl <br />composite for <br />BC PC US MS SS GS IS NC <br />Timber <br />Economics <br />BC PC US MS SS GS IS NC <br />BC <br />Bloat aearmftV 10 acres + <br />PC <br />Patch deararlting 35 saes <br />US <br />Dam e <br />MS <br />Modred shetterwood <br />SS <br />Simulated shetterwood <br />GS <br />Group selection or <br />Group shefterwood 2.0 aces <br />IS <br />Individual tree selection <br />NC <br />No cutting <br />Figure 11. Relative ranking of the effects of cutting methods on the <br />resources of spruce -fir forests. Scale: 1 signifies the least favorable, 5 the most <br />favorable. <br />21 <br />