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(continued from page 21) <br />How Planners Can Help <br />So,what can planners do to help? Because of their exper- <br />tise, planners can certainly help communities to lookforward <br />and think about the consequences of their actions, or lack of <br />actions. It's my opinion that, ideally,each local government - <br />planning agency should take at least some basic proactive <br />measures to help their community be sustainable. Some <br />things to consider doing include: 1) an inventory of water <br />source locations (include the smallest as well as the largest), <br />2) identify the most vulnerable physical settings (e.g.,where <br />industrial zoning is not a good idea),and 3) build a "Decision <br />Support System for Environmental Management"(GIS/data- <br />base) to assist them in communicating information to others <br />for protection of their community's highest priority assets. <br />Some of the projects that local government planners may <br />want to participate in include: <br />• Updates to Source Water Assessments — to im- <br />prove the input data, and because many communities <br />are quite dynamic. An accurate assessment needs a <br />realistic delineation of the source water area, an up -to- <br />date contaminant inventory of the source water area, <br />and site- specific information on the facilities and land <br />uses of concern. <br />• "What If" Analyses — to evaluate potential water <br />source locations, changes to land uses /facility operations <br />within the source water area, and implementation of best <br />management practices. <br />• Source Water & Watershed Protection — to imple- <br />ment an integrated approach to address watershed and <br />drinking water goals in a proactive manner. A local <br />source water protection team can: <br />• Provide on -site technical assistance to water systems <br />within the source water areas. <br />• Assist coordinating efforts to form partnerships be- <br />tween multiple jurisdictions and users of water within <br />the source water areas. Partnerships may include gov- <br />ernmental agencies, recreational groups, producers, <br />agricultural organizations, and individuals. <br />• Provide outreach materials. <br />• Provide presentations to local officials and the <br />public. <br />• Assist in the development, implementation, and sus - <br />tainability of Source Water Protection Plans. <br />THE BLACK MAGIC <br />OF WATER MATHEMATICS <br />By David Orient <br />City of Grand Junction <br />This time I would like to share with you a tip that may get you <br />that extra point or two to get you your 70% on the exam.l have seen <br />this type of question many times on all level exams. The question; <br />how many 6 in. diameter water mains do you need to carry the same <br />amount of water as a twelve inch diameter main at the same velocity <br />while not taking into account the c- factor? The first answer that may <br />come to mind is 2 pipes, because 6 plus 6 equals 12 right? Logical an- <br />swer but wrong! If you know how to work this problem the easy way, <br />you can do it in your head, calculatorless. Let's look at the math: <br />Let's first calculate the area of the pipes. The formula that I use <br />to calculate the area is; 0.785 X d2 or 0.785 X 62 (6X6) or 0.785 X 36 = <br />28.26 sq. in.for the 6 in.diameter pipe. Now let's do the 12 in. diameter <br />pipe; 0.785 X 122 or 0.785 X 144 = 113.04 sq. in.To find how many 6 in. <br />pipes you will need divide 113.04 by 28.26 and the answer you get is <br />4. You can do this problem this way because the velocity is the same <br />in both pipes so you don't need to calculate the volumes. But wait <br />there's more ! If you order in the next five minutes we will send you <br />free of charge — sorry I'm getting off track. Look at both these area <br />calculations. The only thing that you are changing is the diameter. <br />The 0.785 stays the same. So drop it. If you want to compare pipe <br />carrying capabilities, square the diameters and divide one into the <br />other. 144 divided by 36 = 4.. One word of caution don't mix units. <br />Don't compare a 6 in. diameter pipe to 2 ft. diameter without getting <br />them to the same units. <br />This is a quick and easy way to calculate pipe carrying capabilities <br />in the field, or on an exam. Remember this will be close but,without <br />taking into account c- factor, (friction loss).The one twelve inch pipe <br />will carry slightly more water because the surface area of the inside <br />wall per unit length in one twelve inch pipe is less than 4 - 6 inch <br />pipes. <br />12" <br />23 <br />