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The keynote, titled "Critical Issues in the West," was
<br />presented by Pam Inmann of the Western Governors'
<br />Association. Her talk emphasized the Governors' com-
<br />mitments to water issues, drought preparedness, and
<br />clean energy. Through the joint efforts of the Western
<br />States Water Council and the Western Interstate Energy
<br />Board, the Western Governors' Association has multiple
<br />forums to address the energy -water nexus.
<br />The first session, titled "Energy Demands for Public
<br />Water Supply," included four speakers /panelists:
<br />• Bob Wilkinson, University of California (Santa
<br />Barbara), moderator
<br />Linda Reekie, AWWA Re-
<br />search Foundation
<br />• Todd Bartholf, CH2M Hill
<br />• Larry Flowers, NREL
<br />The panelists highlighted an
<br />increasing body of work that is
<br />focused on municipal and agri-
<br />cultural water and energy issues.
<br />Key drivers include: emerging
<br />technologies, security, marginal
<br />water supply, regulation, costs,
<br />and economic opportunities.
<br />highlighted an integrated approach to managing energy
<br />and water, which allows for new opportunities for cross -
<br />fertilization when viewed from a holistic approach.
<br />Energy/Water Nexus:
<br />Similarities in the Context for Policy
<br />General links and relationships: energy intensity of wa-
<br />ter and water intensity of energy. Electricity and water
<br />do mix: Electricity is used to move water, and electricity
<br />is made from falling waters. Energy intensity, or em-
<br />bodied energy, is the total amount of energy, calculated
<br />on a whole- system basis, required for the use of a given
<br />amount of water in a specific
<br />"The new paradigm of this century is water
<br />supply issues will no longer be driven by
<br />droughts. We will have conflict in normal
<br />years, and that conflict will affect econo-
<br />mies of national importance. The demands
<br />for water in many basins of the West
<br />exceed the available supply even in normal
<br />years."
<br />Bennett Raley
<br />Assistant Interior Secretary for Water and Science
<br />In the second session, "Water for Energy: Exploring
<br />Water and Energy Supply," speakers /panelists included:
<br />• Maryanne Bach, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, mod-
<br />erator
<br />Bill Karsell, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
<br />• Wayne Vanderschuere, Colorado Springs Utilities
<br />Karsell highlighted a new approach to life -cycle as-
<br />sessment of energy generation, while, Vanderschuere
<br />Energy production and
<br />generation require water
<br />�W
<br />Water pumping, treatment, and
<br />distribution require energy
<br />location.
<br />There are four principle en-
<br />ergy elements in water systems.
<br />Pumping water in each of these
<br />four stages is energy- intensive
<br />and constitutes a major use of
<br />energy:
<br />primary water extrac-
<br />tion, conveyance, storage (in
<br />some cases), and supply delivery
<br />(imported and local)
<br />treatment and distribu-
<br />tion within service areas
<br />• on -site water pumping, treatment, and thermal in-
<br />puts (heating and cooling)
<br />• wastewater collection and treatment
<br />Two primary areas were discussed. The first was the
<br />need for informing policy and management. Specifi-
<br />cally, the participants discussed questions related to the
<br />information needed to inform policy, including:
<br />• Where and when will water systems use more en-
<br />ergy (e.g. desalination)?
<br />• Where and when will water systems use less energy
<br />(e.g. efficiency improvements, reuse, shift is supply
<br />options, etc.)?
<br />• What information and data do we need to support
<br />good policy?
<br />Further discussions focused on "new" management ap-
<br />proaches, where the group addressed possible areas for
<br />improvement in managing water issues:
<br />• Integrated management (water, wastewater, storm -
<br />water, energy, ...)
<br />• Multiple benefits (policy and investments)
<br />• Portfolio strategies (supply, management, risk, cost)
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