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56 <br />be programs ensuring adequate habitat and population protection <br />Creation without <br />of <br />should P <br />unnecessarily disrupting other compatible uses o t protected r marsh can be <br />new habitat <br />would help compensate for habitat losses taotwate s causes and could <br />increase the carrying capacity of the wintering area. dredged material. <br />created by filling open water areas to shallow depths usibS high tides and collection <br />Lowering of some areas mechanically, veloment of salt or brackish marsh there has been <br />of runoff, should promote de P <br />restoration may be needed in areas on the migration route where they <br />extensive loss of crane habitat. <br />2, . increase �aa1_ five oonulatiQns• <br />e captive breeding flock has been small. Y affected I the t potential to forms <br />Until recently, the P have adversely <br />the size of <br />placed constraints on productivity, and may will be increased for ongoing <br />I and sexually compatible pairs. As more breeding 9 pang become available, <br />nual production of eggs socially <br />the captive flocks, the <br />and the behav oral, demographic, and genetic management of the <br />reintroduction <br />captive population will be enhanced. <br />21. Dev to and m in tin captive 000��lations. airs <br />Patuxent, <br />ICF, and Calgary Zoo should establish and maintain b 101 by year 2000- Birds ICF 12- <br />of whooping cranes (at Patuxent be maint ai ed to rear the chicks of other kbir s, betuss s s <br />unable to reproduce could wild pairs as possible; (2) <br />rote models or used in education representation tof as many wi floc genetic should try to: (1) obtain genetic <br />retain in captivity those birds that are es neci lly vale and demographic considerations <br />background; and (3) give careful pulatio genetic <br />to ensure health of the captive population. The <br />f ca studbook <br />t captive p pulations. will Result Of analyses <br />analyses of the genetics and demograspfor transfer from the wild, seta ion of <br />semen <br />will be used to guide selection of egg <br />individuals for pairing, pair productivity, oss population ounder Ines n captive flocks. <br />banks should be maintained to protect <br />af�nP aVIGUItUral mc3thods and -rod ti <br />22. R,--- cranes in <br />avicultural techniques described in the Crane <br />The captive breeding centers should optimize the production of whooping <br />captivity through the application of pro <br />Manual (1993 at press) and experimentation in the fields of reproductive <br />Propagation <br />physiology► genetics, behavior, and veterinary science. <br />221 • Rofine br Arlina -air n <br />used in captive propagation of whooping ed and /orrref ned to <br />Various procedures u management, need to be develop <br />behavioral and physiological manag ulations. Research surrogates will be used to <br />maximize productivity of captive Pop <br />iolo ical research and to develop techniques. Captive centers shout <br />accomplish b 9 <br />