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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES <br />Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine <br />The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self - perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in <br />scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general <br />welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to <br />advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of <br />Sciences. <br />The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a <br />parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing <br />with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of <br />Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and <br />recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. <br />The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent <br />members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts <br />under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal <br />government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is <br />president of the Institute of Medicine. <br />The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community <br />of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. <br />Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating <br />agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the <br />government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies <br />• and the Institute of Medicine. Dr, Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National <br />Research Council. <br />www.national-academies.org <br />I] <br />