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USGS to Develp Indicators to Better Measure Nation's H2O Supply: Greenwire
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USGS to Develp Indicators to Better Measure Nation's H2O Supply: Greenwire
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USGS to Develp Indicators to Better Measure Nation's H2O Supply: Greenwire
State
CO
Date
5/27/2004
Author
Coyne, Marty
Title
USGS to Develp Indicators to Better Measure Nation's H2O Supply: Greenwire
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
News Article/Press Release
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the USGS Cooperative Water Program. States compile and store their water -use data in a <br />manner that enables them to address their own water -use concerns — State -to -State differences <br />in format, definitions, or reporting requirements can limit the applicability of the data to <br />regional and national syntheses. Differences among the States in the types of water uses, in <br />funding priorities, and in regulations that require reporting of water -use information have <br />resulted in an unevenness in the breadth and depth of water -use data collected for each State. <br />Differences in the accuracy of water -use information have contributed to large uncertainty in <br />regional and national water -use assessments. <br />A goal of this element of the program is to strengthen and enhance future studies of the <br />Nation's water use along the lines recommended by the National Research Council (NRC) in a <br />recent review of the USGS water -use program (National Research Council, 2002). A key <br />recommendation of the NRC review was to use sampling strategies and mathematical <br />(regression) modeling to develop statistically derived water -use estimates. This statistical <br />approach, which would be undertaken as part of the proposed program, would identify <br />demographic, economic, geologic, hydrologic, and climatic indicators that are correlated with <br />water use and that can be used to supplement existing water -use data. Statistical correlations <br />developed between water use and these related indicators might allow improved understanding <br />of past trends in water use and better prediction of future changes in water demands and water <br />uses. Estimates of irrigation water use, for example, are well suited to statistical applications <br />because irrigation withdrawals are closely related to indicators such as climate, farming and <br />irrigation techniques, and irrigated acreage. Reshaping the national water -use data - collection <br />strategies using statistical techniques also would help to develop consistent methods for <br />estimating water use across State and regional boundaries. Particular attention will be given to <br />estimating the portion of water that is consumptively used by the various categories. <br />Water -use estimates will be provided at 5 -year intervals by county, State, and major <br />Water Resources Regions and move toward annual accounting of high - priority water -use <br />sectors such as public supply and irrigation as statistical techniques are developed. In <br />addition, efforts will be made to develop water -use estimates for each of the 352 <br />hydrologic accounting units and for the Nation's major aquifer systems. As in previous <br />water -use assessments, State agencies will be a major partner in the collection and <br />reporting of water -use indicators. <br />Regional Water Budgets <br />In addition to the indicators described above, many of those who provided input to the <br />proposed national assessment of water availability indicated a need for improved regional -scale <br />estimates of recharge, evapotranspiration, interbasin transfers, and other components of the <br />water cycle. Elements of the water cycle typically are organized and interpreted in terms of <br />water budgets. Water budgets are analogous to a bank account. Water can be (1) deposited by <br />precipitation or infiltration of surface water, (2) saved by surface reservoirs or storage in <br />aquifers, and (3) withdrawn by pumping wells or surface -water diversions. State, local, and <br />Federal water managers often rely on the USGS for quantitative information on water - budget <br />components to support water- management decisions. Information on the components of <br />11 <br />
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