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canal, and so constructed as to prevent leakage under <br />or around it, maintain a constant and regular cross -sec- <br />tion and secure as perfect conditions for uniform and <br />accurate measurement of velocity and discharge as <br />possible. These flumes are rated periodically by the <br />State Engineer's deputies, and the Water Commission- <br />ers watch them carefully and set the headgates in ac- <br />cordance with the tables of discharge computed from <br />these ratings. A gage rod is placed on the site of each <br />flume, the record of which is carefully kept, either by <br />daily readings or by continuous self- recording appara- <br />tus. <br />Other important structures on the canal are the Horse <br />Creek flume, the Adobe Creek crossing with waste gates <br />for flood discharge, the wasteway at Gageby Arroyo, <br />the division gates at Gageby, and the crossing gate near <br />Thurston Lake Reservoir, where the outlet canal from <br />the Queen crosses the Fort Lyon Canal at grade. <br />THE HORSE CREEK FLUME. <br />The canal crosses Horse Creek with a flume 690 feet <br />long, on a steep grade, making a sharp turn and a drop <br />of 20 feet in this distance. The flume has a width of 28 <br />feet, by 6 feet in depth. The first 250 feet on the upper <br />end is built of bricks laid in cement, the bottom being an <br />invert of brick overlaid by a floor of one -inch lumber. <br />This portion of the flume rests on a natural rock founda- <br />tion. The remaining 440 feet are built of lumber, sup- <br />ported on round oak piles, driven to bedrock, in bents of <br />16 feet center to center. The side posts are braced over <br />each bent, and all are tied across the tops by galva- <br />nized steel wires stretched from side to side. With a full <br />31 <br />