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Last modified
9/4/2020 3:06:19 AM
Creation date
6/28/2011 2:30:08 PM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Weather Modification
Contract/Permit #
2010-03
Applicant
Western Weather Consultants
Sponsor Name
Vail and Beaver Creek Associates
Project Name
Wintertime Cloud seeding at Vail and Beaver Creek Ski Areas
Title
WM Permit 2010-03
Prepared For
Western Weather Consultants
Prepared By
CWCB
Date
11/1/2010
County
Summit
Eagle
State
CO
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Record of Decision
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Created 12/26/06 4 <br /> "...increased Ag concentrations (from the seeding material) found on Bangtail Ridge lend <br /> further support to evidence of proper targeting..." <br /> In the late 1980s similar techniques were used to document very consistent and <br /> successful transport and dispersion of seeding material over the Grand Mesa in Colorado (14, 15) <br /> from both ground-based and aircraft releases of silver iodide. Additional verification of <br /> successful transport and dispersion of ground-released seeding material has been documented <br /> over the Wasatch Plateau in.Utah (16). These and other transport and dispersion studies during <br /> the 1980s and 1990s began to include high-resolution model simulations of plumes that were <br /> verified by observations. Additional examples include Sierra Nevada studies (17) and Arizona <br /> experiments (18). <br /> Microphysical Effects (Formation, Growth and Fallout of Ice Crystals) <br /> Measurements which verified the initiation, growth and fallout of ice crystals were <br /> included in many of the experiments involved with tracking silver iodide seeding plumes. Some <br /> of the first evidence of this type was documented in the BRE (19). For clouds containing SLW it <br /> was found that ice particles were significantly enhanced and estimates of precipitation in seeded <br /> regions exceeded natural clouds by factors of two or more. No decreases in precipitation were <br /> found in seeded cloud regions. The best evidence of seeding was found in cloud regions colder <br /> than -9°C with cloud tops generally warmer than-20'C. <br /> Similar experiments over the Grand Mesa of Colorado also verified plume transport over <br /> the intended target and ice crystal enhancement of at least 10 times the natural background in the <br /> seeded zones of both aircraft and ground-released plumes (15). The Grand Mesa experiments <br /> included measurements of precipitation rate increases at the surface that were typically many <br /> times greater than unseeded periods. Additional links-in-the-chain evidence exists for a number <br /> of ground seeding experiments from the Wasatch Plateau of central Utah. Seeding plume <br /> locations, ice particle enhancement, and precipitation increases within seeding plumes were <br /> carefully documented in four papers (16, 20, 21, and 22). As in the BRE the best results from <br /> AgI seeding came from the colder cases (25). Further evidence of the evolution of ice particles <br /> in seeding plumes released by aircraft was provided by cloud seeding experiments over the <br /> Sierra Nevada of California (23) and in a unique experiment conducted over the Mogollon Rim <br /> in Arizona(24), where analysis of polarized radar data and aircraft measurements revealed the <br /> formation and evolution of ice particles from seeding within a naturally precipitating cloud. <br /> Evidence of Precipitation Increases <br /> Some of the best evidence of seeding-induced precipitation increases came from the <br /> many experiments conducted over the Wasatch Plateau where both silver iodide seeding and <br /> liquid propane seeding methods were tested (25). Individual experiments revealed precipitation <br /> rate increases in seeding plumes of a few hundredths to >1 mm per hour (16, 20, 219 22). The <br /> careful and repeatable documentation of seeding plume transport and dispersion, and <br /> microphysical effects, led to the design of a randomized experiment using liquid propane in this <br /> The current NAIWMC membership includes state agencies in <br /> North Dakota,Kansas,Oklahoma,Texas,Colorado,Wyoming,Utah,Nevada and California <br />
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