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Water Quality Variations and Trends in Monument and Fountain Creeks
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Water Quality Variations and Trends in Monument and Fountain Creeks
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Last modified
7/20/2010 3:30:27 PM
Creation date
6/29/2010 10:11:55 AM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Water Supply Protection
Description
ARCA
State
CO
KS
Basin
Arkansas
Water Division
2
Date
1/1/1993
Author
Barbara C. Ruddy, U.S. Geologic Survey, Colorado Springs Department of Utilities
Title
Water Quality Variations and Trends in Monument and Fountain Creeks
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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Water - quality variations and trends are affected by the water uses in <br />the basin. Wastewater- treatment plants downstream from Monument and Colorado <br />Springs affect the water quality in the two creeks ( Edelmann and Cain, 1985). <br />Urbanization has increased throughout the northern part of the basin. Cotton- <br />wood Creek flows through a developing urban area into Monument Creek upstream <br />from station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview. Cottonwood Creek contrib- <br />utes large volumes of suspended sediment to Monument Creek (von Guerard, 1989) <br />and has a larger specific conductance than Monument Creek. Downstream from <br />station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, more storm drains in Colorado <br />Springs flow into Monument Creek. The area along Fountain Creek between <br />Colorado Springs and Fountain generally is more urbanized than the area along <br />Fountain Creek between Fountain and Pueblo, which generally is agricultural. <br />Water use and reuse and tributary ground -water inflows downstream from station <br />07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP probably cause the increased concentra- <br />tions in many constituents (Cain and Edelmann, 1986). Jimmy Camp Creek, a <br />tributary that has large specific- conductance values, flows into Fountain <br />Creek between stations 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and 07105905 <br />Fountain Creek below Fountain. <br />Water - Quality Variations <br />Comparisons of water - quality properties and constituents were made among <br />stations. Box plots were constructed to graphically display the constituent <br />variability at each station and to qualitatively compare data among stations. <br />Only qualitative comparisons and not trend analysis can be made because the <br />number of values and period of record were different at each station. Box <br />plots are useful because variability between data sets and unusual values can <br />easily be seen. Box plots contain the following information (fig. 2). The <br />horizontal line and diamond inside the box represent the median value (50 per- <br />cent of the data are greater than this value and 50 percent of the data are <br />less than this value). The lower line of the box is the 25th percentile or <br />lower quartile (25 percent of the data are less than this value). The upper <br />line of the box is the 75th percentile or upper quartile (75 percent of the <br />data are less than this value). The interquartile range (IQR) contains the <br />values between the 25th and 75th percentile and is the difference between the <br />25th and 75th percentile. The bottom of the vertical line on the box plot is <br />the smallest value within 1.5 times the IQR of the box. The top of the <br />vertical line is the largest value within 1.5 times the IQR of the box. <br />Outside values, shown as ❑, are greater than 1.5 times the IQR from the box. <br />The far out values, shown as o, are greater than 3 times the IQR from the box. <br />The number at the top of the box plot is the number of data values used to <br />construct the box plot. The period of record, in years, is listed above the <br />number of data values. The number of data values and the period of record <br />are important and need to be considered by the reader before conclusions are <br />made about reasons for differences in water quality among stations. <br />Generally, concentrations of most of the water - quality properties and <br />constituents were larger downstream, based on comparison of the box plots in <br />figures 3 through 32 in the "Hydrologic Data" section. Box plots for cadmium <br />are not included because it is the only constituent that for all stations <br />either had more than 75 percent of the values less than the detection limit, <br />or most of the summary statistics were estimated using methods described by <br />Helsel and Conn (1988). <br />
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