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r part of the recovery (continuous intervention) - Fish and Wildlife has a mandate to determine "What constitutes recovery?" A Exotics (gamefish), very different VIews A What is Equitable? A Where will the money come from to finance the ESA? A Lots of money spent with very little product - how much has been learned - many people are influenced ($) by the current operation rules A What about other species (endan- gered or not). Priorities, one species over another. How much can you spend on a given species? A Lack of knowledge. Scientific data is not available to determine the critical recovery needs of the fish. Some aspects are known, many are not. A Are the species extinction natural or anthropogenic? A 13 native species (fish) in basin, probably 3 times as many introduced species. A What is most important to species? Dam operations, exotics, hatcheries. A Flows (dam releases) are related to survival of non-native species (much disagreement). A Data at Flaming Gorge indicate flow changes help to recover native species A How do you measure success? What baseline is used? A Critical habitat. Great care should be taken when identifying critical habitat. A Reintroduction - What areas should be designated as critical habitat, when the species is extir- pated. Use experimental designa- tion of lands more often. A Communication is essential. All parties must participate. Responsibility should be taken by all. A Stakeholders are removed from the Endangered Species Act decisions. A Indian Rights - Prior appropriation (adverse effects on Indians). Late development is punished more by ESA. A Upper Basin has more potential for recovery due to degree of recovery A Is recovery possible in the lower basin? A Critical habitat designation greatly limits the rights of individuals A MOA does not include the recovery plan A Is the Lower Basin willing to compensate the Upper Basin for bearing the brunt of the recovery expenses (if Upper Basin is the only viable recovery zone)? A States own the water, Fed responsible for ESA. Problem. A Largest existing numbers of fish occur within the Lower Basin A Can lower locations be designated as refuges - not recovery zones? A What about non-indigenous endangered species that have moved in to the habitat of indigenous endangered species? What do you do? A Numbers of fish are not what is important A The self-sustainability of populations are the important part A Continued human interventions is deemed acceptable by some, not by others A Lack of regulatory certainty is an important factor for many shareholders A Recovery plans change OFTEN, makes it difficult to manage future needs and responsibilities A A series of goals (small goals) might be a realistic step to limit the uncer- tainty of regulatory responsibilities A Species by species nature of ESA causes great difficulty for managers - Is another approach more viable? - Is a multi-species approach more useful/valuable? A Advance planning for multi- species approach would reduce the amount of uncertainty that managers face. Response - what about money? How do you pay for it? A Can we really return anything to a "natural" condition? A We must recognize that "natural" environments may not be returned ever! A Native American issues - Tribal use of ESA has been pushing it to reach their own goals and opposing it for accomplishing goals A Discussion as to whether Indian lands should even be subject to ESA A Tribes often disagree with species by species approach, but approve of a more holistic approach A Lack of consistency by US Fish and Wildlife causes many problems A Tribes would like to be able to market their water A Common goal for almost every- one is certainty A We must do more than listing the adversarial issues. We must take a step toward suggestions/conclusions! 2. How might we do better A Cooperation A Communication A USFW Service should be more consistent when dealing with groups / municipalities / agencies, etc. A Achieve certainty A Better definitions - recovery, certainty, baseline conditions (when and what) A No one closed out of deliberations and no one opting to drop out A Holistic approach for Endangered 79