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the Colorado squawfish was last revised in 1991. Region 6 of the FWS was given the lead for the devel- opment of these plans, but was supported by an appointed team of experts on these fishes from throughout the Colorado River Basin. While these plans address the recovery of the listed fishes in both the Upper and Lower Basins, they preceded the critical habitat designations, are otherwise out of date, and do not offer specific prescriptions on where or how habi- tats should be protected, restored, or managed. Region 6 also has the lead for the razorback recovery plan, whose initial technical draft is scheduled to be circulat- ed soon to a basin-wide recovery team. The FWS has asked for an ecosystem framework for the razorback plan into which updated recovery plans for the other three fishes may be integrated. The goal of the current recovery plan for the Colorado squawfish is generally stated in terms of protecting "naturally self-sustaining populations" in three major recovery areas: the Green and upper Colorado River subbasins, the San Juan River subbasin, and the Lower Basin. The plan does not define what constitutes a self-sustaining population. Since the Colorado squaw- fish populations in the Green/upper Colorado and San Juan subbasins are separated by Lake Powell, this recovery plan assumes that these populations are "dis- tinct" under Section 3(16) of the ESA and may be independently recovered and down or de-listed in one of these areas and not the other. The Colorado squaw- fish no longer occurs naturally in the Lower Basin, and the importance of recovery sites in the Lower Basin depends on whether self-sustaining populations can be re-established and the needed streamflows can be legal- ly protected in that basin. The general recovery goal for the humpback chub is defined in terms of protecting five "viable, self-sustain- ing populations" and their habitat. This plan recog- nizes five primary recovery areas which are currently occupied by humpback chub, all in the Upper Basin or the Grand Canyon - 1) the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers in the Grand Canyon, 2) the Black Rocks/Westwater Canyon reaches of the upper Colorado River, 3) the Green and Yampa Rivers in Dinosaur National Monument, 4) Gray and Desolation Canyons along the Green River, and 5) Cataract Canyon along the Colorado River just above Lake Powell, and mentions that the humpback might be re-introduced into another area of the Grand Canyon. This plan neither suggests that the humpback can be recovered independently in each of these areas, nor defines what constitutes a viable, self-sustaining population. The immediate goal of the recovery plan for the bony- tail chub is to prevent its extinction by establishing genetically diverse, captive populations in at least two refugia. The highest priority sites for re-introducing the bonytail suggested by this plan are all in the Upper Basin: 1) the Green and Yampa Rivers in Dinosaur National Monument, 2) the Green River in Gray and Desolation Canyons, and the San Juan River. The plan characterizes the Lake Mohave bonytail population in the Lower Basin as a "wild refugium", and calls for the evaluation of other Lower Basin areas for their poten- tial as recovery sites for this fish. All of these recovery plans include monitoring of exist- ing populations and research on their life histories, the control of non-native fishes that may be limiting the survival or recruitment of the listed fishes, and the arti- ficial propagation of listed fishes for research and pos- sible augmentation of wild populations. Re-introduction and population augmentation is to be preceded by habitat protection or restoration in all of 47