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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />61 <br /> <br />which show that there was significant transport of bed material in 1993, but <br />very little in 1994. <br />The upstream entrance of flow to the three side channel field sites are <br />composed primarily of gravel, and showed very little change throughout both <br />years. Fine sediment was deposited near the banks in 1993, but overall <br />changes to the main entrance of flow were small. <br />Mid-sections of the side channel sites generally showed some scouring <br />of fine sediment from the thalweg, and the deposition of fine sediment on the <br />banks in 1993, but there were not substantial changes during the 1994 season. <br />The net result was generally a deeper and narrower channel from 1993 runoff <br />and some filling with sediments during 1994. <br />The downstream end of these sites control fish access into the backwater <br />at moderate or low flows. These areas showed scouring with the entrance to <br />the backwater becoming deeper in 1993, unless vegetation stabilized the <br />substrate. In 1994 this area showed a small amount of re-filling with sediment <br />at site 2, and significant filling at site 3. Site 1 showed very little change <br />throughout both seasons due to lower water velocities and vegetation. <br />In general, the flows of 1993 caused channel change at our sites where <br />there was predominantly silt and sand, but the morphology of gravel areas did <br />not change significantly. Vegetation clearly stabilized sediments, and was <br />abraded but not uprooted in 1993. The 1994 flows were relatively small which <br />resulted in deposition of fine sediment in some areas. <br />Evaluatiol,1. of Coarse-Sediment Transport <br />Habitats for endangered fish in the upper Colorado River are formed by <br />coarse sediment that moves only at discharges well in excess of the mean <br />annual flow. An analysis of the relation between shear stress and discharge at <br />four sites in the Grand Valley indicate that the bed material is at the threshold <br />for motion at a discharge of 300 ems (10,600 cfs) above the confluence of the <br />