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, States will be using federal dollars increasingly as seed money to set up revolving funds, to be loaned at low interest, for ongoing long- term use. Management and preventive action may replace construction and abatement as more cost-effective means to achieve water resource goals. The second unique aspect ofWisconsin's program is its no-fault compensation fund for well owners with contaminated water. Unless the contamination is proven to have been caused by malice or an illegal act, the well owner submits costs for a new water supply to the D NR for review, and the costs are paid from state appropriations. It's an attempt to get clean water on-line quickly without lengthy up-front legal delays. Another good example of a state recognizing the interrelationship between water resources and land management is found in New York. Furthermore, it's a good example of a state program with local level cooperation and input. The sole source of drinking water for three million people on Long Island is an aquifer. Recognizing the need for political accountability in land use decisions, a state commission is seeking to protect the aquifer by working closely with local government to implement effective and responsible land use strategies, such as reduced density zoning, mandatory clustering of housing, transfer of development rights, and landfill prohibitions, Local input is encouraged in this cooperative effort. Q: What trends in water management will develop over the next 10 years? A: On the quantitive side, the big federal appropriations for Western dams are over. There's not much new water to be developed. States are looking to saving and reallocating water rather than finding new water, The federal government will continue to playa role in water quality management, because certain federal standards must continue to be met. Federal agencies will periodically review state standards and, if necessary, force compliance. Federal grants for construction of waste treatmerit facilities may be phased out over the next 10 years. In anticipation of this movement, states will be using federal dollars increasingly as seed money to set up revolving funds, to be loaned at low interest, for ongoing long-term use. States are already beginning to be forced to "get their houses in order" in the face of such considerations as large-scale water diversions. In the Great Lakes region, for example, they're working to prove their use of and need for Great Lakes water, Before now, they've known little about the specifics of their uses and needs, But the diversion issue is forcing them to be prepared to defend their need for their own water, The next 10 years will see states expanding their roles as water managers in response to decreased federal directives and financial assistance. Management and preventive action may replace construction and abatement as more cost- effective means to achieve water resource goals. Increased state and local financing will lead to increased state control of-and responsibility for -the management of our nation's water resources. Larry Morandi was interviewed by Linda Schroeder, editor, 37