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<br />, <br /> <br />sediment and hydrology, water quality and limnology, geomorphic/geologic <br />studies, biological resources, native and endangered species, recreation, <br />archeology, economics and long-term monitoring. Final reports were <br />scheduled for completion in 1995, and an integrated report is scheduled for <br />completion thereafter. The GCES serve as the basis and foundation of <br />evaluation of the alternatives for the Glen Canyon Dam EIS. <br /> <br />On July 27, 1989, the Secretary of the Interior directed that an EIS be <br />prepared on the operation of Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation <br />(Reclamation) was directed to be the lead agency, with other agencies having <br />jurisdictional responsibilities or special expertise in the area as cooperating <br />agencies. The number of cooperating agencies has grown to 12. These <br />include; the Arizona Game and Fish Department; Bureau of Indian Affairs <br />(BIA); Reclamation (lead agency); National Park Service (NPS); Fish and <br />Wildlife Service (Service); Hopi, Hualapai, and San Juan Southern Paiute <br />Tribes; the Navajo Nation; Pueblo of Zuni; Southern Paiute Consortium; and <br />Western Area Power Administration (Western). <br /> <br />The primary objective of the EIS, as stated in the December 1990 <br />Management Plan, is to evaluate the impacts of current and alternative dam <br />operations on the downstream environment and ecological resources of the <br />Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park. <br /> <br />Nine alternatives covering a full range of possible operations of Glen <br />Canyon Dam were developed for evaluation in the Draft EIS. Two of the <br />alternatives, including no action and maximum powerplant capacity, would <br />allow unrestricted hourly and daily fluctuations of flow; four would provide <br />various levels of restricted fluctuations; and three would provide steady flows <br />on a daily, seasonal, or annual basis. Additional measures are combined with <br />the alternative operations, where appropriate, to provide additional resource <br />protection and enhancement. These common elements include adaptive <br />management, monitoring and protecting cultural resources, flood frequency <br />reduction measures, beach/habitat-building flows, a new population of <br />humpback chub, further study of selective withdrawal and emergency <br />exception criteria. <br /> <br />Over 33,000 comments were received on the Draft EIS. As a result of <br />comments on both the Draft EIS and Draft Biological Opinion and discussions <br />with the Service, and with the broad support of the cooperating agencies, the <br />preferred alternative was modified for the Final EIS. This modification <br />includes the two changes in operating limits previously proposed as <br />deviations to interim flows: increasing the maximum flow from 20,000 to <br />25,000 cubic feet per second (cts) and increasing the upramp rate from <br />2,500 to 4,000 cfs per hour. The Final EIS was filed with the Environmental <br />Protection Agency (EPA) on March 21, 1995. <br /> <br />35 <br />