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• <br />APPENDIX 1 <br />GLOSSARY <br />Adaptive Management - Making decisions based on available information and <br />allowing flexibility for refinements (i.e., adaptation) to such decisions as new <br />information becomes available. <br />Allele - One of two or more alternate forms of the same gene; alleles for the <br />same gene occur at the same locus; each individual diploid organism has a maximum <br />of two alleles for a specific gene. <br />Allozyme - An enzyme produced by an allele at a structural gene locus; <br />different allozymes are produced by different alleles at the same locus. <br />Artificial selection - The process of choosing parents on the basis of a trait <br />in order to obtain a phenotypic and genetic change in the next generation. <br />Augmentation - The process of stocking fish into a good habitat where the population <br />has declined in order to get a "jump-start" at restoring the fish community. <br />DNA - Abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. <br />Dominance - The property of an allele that suppresses expression of other <br />alleles at the same locus; a dominant allele is the only allele expressed <br />• phenotypically in a heterozygote. <br />Effective population size - The size of an ideal population that would <br />experience genetic drift and inbreeding at the same rate as the real population <br />under consideration. <br />Electrophoresis - A laboratory procedure for the separation of proteins <br />(enzymes) that can be used as genetic markers. <br />Enzyme - A protein produced in living cells that speeds up a specific chemical <br />reaction. <br />Full-sibs - Individuals having both parents in common. <br />Gene - A segment of DNA that occupies a specific position (locus) on a <br />chromosome, is heritable, and has one or more specific effects upon the phenotype <br />of an organism. <br />Genetic diversity - The genetic variation within and among individuals, <br />populations, or species. <br />Genetic drift - random or chance changes in the allelic frequencies due to <br />natural or human sampling errors that occur each generation; the rate of genetic <br />drift may increase as the effective population size decreases. <br />40 33