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A~vendix 1. Summary of Recovery History 1959-1994. Recovery History Conservation efforts started in 1959, and have resulted in considerable accomplishments in the preservation of the greenback. Additional detail of , some subjects discussed in this recovery history can be found in Part I. Recovery, 1959 to 1972. Prior to the enactment of the Endangered Species Act, conservation efforts commenced in 1959, when greenback trout from the , headwaters of the Big Thompson River in Forest Canyon of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were stocked into Fay Lakes of the Park after removal of non-native trout with rotenone. A greenback population was not establish in Fay Lakes, but the descendants established a reproducing population in Caddie Lake. Unfortunately, the Forest Canyon population was later classified as slightly hybridized with Yellowstone cutthroat trout, therefore both the Forest Canyon and Caddis Lake greenback populations are now classified as B populations (eee Table 5). Analysis of all specimens obtained prior to 1970 indicated only two pure populations, one in Como Creek, an isolated tributary of North Boulder Creek, Boulder County, and one in the very headwaters of the South Poudre River, ' above a barrier falls in Larimer County. In 1967, a cooperative project between the FS, Colorado Cooperative Fishery Unit and the CDOW resulted in the removal of brook trout above a barrier on Black Hollow Creek and the introduction of Como Creek greenbacks. Unfortunately, brook trout were reestablished, and displaced the greenback population. However, a 1971 transplant of 50 Como Creek greenbacks into the fishless headwaters of the North Fork of the Big Thompson River, RMNP, was , successful and resulted in the establishment of a stable greenback population by the early 1980'x. Recovery, 1973-1975. With the enactment of the Endangered Species Act in ' 1973, the greenback was classified as Endangered. Hidden Valley Creek in RMNP was treated to remove brook trout, and greenbacks were introduced in 1973. In 1975, brook trout were removed and greenbacks were introduced into Bear Lake in RMNP. This population is considered to be stable. Recovery. 1976-1982. A Recovery Plan was completed in 1977, and an Arkansas River population of pure greenbacks was confirmed in 2.8 km of Cascade Creek. The Recovery Team recommended downlisting the subspecies to allow for angling opportunities and to assist in habitat acquisition. The Federal classification of the greenback changed from endangered to threatened in 1978. ' A total of 64 adult and sub-adult Como Creek greenbacks- were shipped to the FWS, Bozeman Fish Cultural Development Center, Montana, to establish a captive South Platte broodstock in 1977. This project was successful, with 630 greenback sub-adults and 16,579 greenback fry stocked into restoration projects in the South Platte River drainage in 1981. Milt from wild South Platte populations was taken from wild populations and shipped to Bozeman by 1982. The taking of milt from wild fish was originally used to compensate for asychronization of males and females at the hatchery, and later to improve heterozygosity of the captive stock due to the small number of fish available to found the broodstock. Semi-wild Arkansas River broodstocks were initiated in 1980 and 1981 at McAlpine Pond (private) and Lytle Pond ( U.S. Army, Ft. Carson). Since restoration projects could now be restocked with greenbacks at the rate of 1000 fry/ha, and the areas opened to catch-and-release fishing within four ' years, restoration projects increased. Restoration projects were completed, and greenbacks were stocked into Black Hollow (second restoration), May Creek, 57