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DEEPWATER CISCO Coregonus johannae (Wagner, 1910) Order: SALMONIFORMES Family: SALMONIDAE Significance: The deepwater cisco is one of the two most important species in the early chub fishery of the Great Lakes . Distinguishing characteristics: Second largest of the ciscoes of the Great Lakes distinguished by its very pale coloration and fewer gill rakers than other ciscoes . Present distribution: Unknown if extant. Former distribution: Once abundant in deeper waters of Lakes Michigan and Huron. Status: At least seriously depleted, although probably extinct. Estimated numbers: Last specimen reported in Lake Michigan in 1951. None seen subsequently in fishery surveys of Lakes Michigan and Huron. Fecundity: Spawned in deeper waters in late summer. Reasons for decline: The decline in the early 1900's was probably due to intensive commercial fishery. Recent decline and disappearance due to sea lamprey predation and continued heavy fishing for larger ciscoes during the 1940's and 1950's . Protective measures already taken: None. Measures proposed: If a relict stock is found, they might be transferred to a remote lake. Number in captivity: None . Culture potential in captivity: Unknown . Remarks: Data submitted by Dr . Stanford H . Smith, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Dr. Stanford Smith, BCF, in his letter of July 31, 1967', said, "The last record of a deepwater cisco was in 1951." Dr. R. R. Miller reported on October 3, 1968, that the deepwater cisco is extinct. References: Hile, R. and H. J. Buettner. 1955. Commercial fishery for chubs (ciscoes) in Lake Michigan through 1953. U . S . Fish and Wildlife Serv . , Spec . Sci . Rept . -- Fish . (163) : 49 . Koelz, W. 1929. Coregonid fishes of the Great Lakes, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 43,1927:297-643. Smith, S . H . 1964. Status of the deepwater cisco population of Lake Michigan . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 93(2):155-163. 11