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<br />Table 7. (Continued) <br /> <br />Ecosystem, and other <br />information <br /> <br />Application rate and <br />other variables <br /> <br />Effects and reference <br /> <br />Artificial lake <br /> <br />Salt marsh <br /> <br />Salt marsh <br /> <br />Artificial streams, <br />each 520 m long, <br />0.14 ha of surface <br />area, with pools <br /> <br />0.02 kg/ha, granular <br />formulation, single <br />application <br /> <br />0.028 kg/ha (0.025 <br />lbs/acre), single <br />aerial application, <br />mosquito larvicide <br />granules <br /> <br />Individual applications <br />of 0.028 kg/ha, 4appli- <br />cations at 2-week inter- <br />vals <br /> <br />Continuous treatment stream <br />received 0.22 ug chlor- <br />pyrifosjl for days 1 to <br />41, and 1.0 ug/l from <br /> <br />19 <br /> <br />>92%; little recovery <br />was evident after third <br />treatment. The 0.056 <br />kg/ha treatment regimen, <br />at 4 hours, resulted in <br />residu~s of 10 ug/l in <br />water, 375 ug/kg in <br />vegetation, and nondetect- <br />able levels in mud; at <br />14 days, all residues <br />were nondetectable <br />(Hurlbert et al. 1970). <br /> <br />Chironomid larvae popula- <br />tion remained >90% de- <br />pressed for 5 months . <br />(Mulla et al. 1971). <br /> <br />No observable effects on <br />caged blue crabs <br />(Callinectes saoidus), <br />penaeid shrimp, or <br />fishes; some fiddler <br />crabs (Uca sp.) dead <br />(FWS 1968). <br /> <br />In killifish (Fundulus <br />heteroclitus), convul- <br />sions, ChE depression, <br />and deaths noted. ChE <br />remained depressed for <br />about 10 weeks after <br />final application <br />(Thirugnanum and Forgash <br />1977). <br /> <br />When compared to control <br />stream, no effect on <br />total abundance of ben- <br />thic organisms. How- <br />