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Contents Page Preface ......................................................................... vii Chapter 1. Introduction. Fred P. Meyer ....................................... Chapter 2. Planning. Joseph B. Hunn ......................................... Introduction .................................................................... Advance Preparations ............................................................ Publicity and News Releases ...................................................... Endangered Species .............................................................. Chapter 3. Interpreting the Scene. Fred P. Meyer and, Roger L. Herman ..... 10 Introduction .................................................................... 10 What to Look For ............................................................... 10 On-site Investigation ............................................................. 14 Dichotomous Key for Fish Kill Investigations ........................................ 17 Chapter 4. Toxic Substances. Joseph B. Hunn and Rosalie A. Schnick ........ Introduction .................................................................... Biological Responses to Toxic Substances ........................................... Chemical Changes Related to Toxic Substances ...................................... Diagnosis of Toxic Effects ........................................................ Factors that Modify Toxicity ...................................................... Sources of Toxicity Information .................................................... Clinical Signs of Toxicosis ......................................................... Sample Collection for Suspected Toxic Substances .................................... Chapter 5. Fish Kills Due to Natural Causes. Roger L. Herman and Fred P. Meyer .............................................................. Introduction .................................................................... Oxygen Depletion ................................................................ Toxic Algal Blooms .............................................................. Turnovers ...................................................................... Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning ....................................................... Toxic Natural Substances ......................................................... Gas Supersaturation ............................................................. Other Environmental Stressors .................................................... Chapter 6. The Role of Infectious Agents in Fish Kills. Roger L. Herman .... Introduction .................................................................... Viral Agents .................................................................... Bacterial Agents ................................................................ Fungal Agents .................................................................. Parasitic Agents ................................................................. Histological Study ............................................................... Making a Diagnosis .............................................................. iii 19 19 19 21 23 26 28 28 30 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 44 45 45 46 46 48 50 52 53 I