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35 <br />Poor reproductive success has also been reported in the upper <br />basin [Banks, 1964; Vanicek, Kramer and Franklin, 1970; Holden and <br />Stalnaker, 1975a and 1975b]. The apparent lack of young of the year <br />and juveniles in collections can probably be attributed, at least in <br />part, to their close resemblance to young flannelmouth suckers. The <br />few young-of-the-year and age I razorback suckers that might have <br />been collected could easily have been overlooked among large numbers <br />of juvenile flannelmouth suckers. Conversely, sub-adult razorback <br />suckers should have been easily recognized by the bony nape if they <br />had been collected. Holden [unpublished data] collected a few sub- <br />adult fish, but none were collected during 1974-76. <br />During this study, razorback suckers were observed spawning over <br />gravel bars in the Yampa and Colorado Rivers. Three spawning sites <br />were located, although most spawning razorback suckers were collected <br />from a bar located 400 m upstream from the mouth of the Yampa River <br />(Figure 7, site A; Figure 8). The fish were collected from water <br />approximately 1 m deep at the upstream point of the gravel bar. The <br />substrate was predominantly cobble (ranging in size from 20 to 50 mm <br />in diameter) and the water velocity was approximately 1 m/sec (Table 8). <br />During a two week period, 14 razorback suckers (2 females and 12 males) <br />were captured over this bar. Females captured in nearby locations <br />were not yet ripe (i.e., exuding eggs) but female razorback suckers <br />collected from the water column over the bar were ripe, indicating <br />that they were spawning in the immediate vicinity. Males captured <br />over the bar and in nearby locations were all ripe (i.e., exuding <br />sperm). <br />Spawning may have been attempted in the gravel pit at the Walter