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The fifth influence on western life, Wallace Stegner, may <br />turn out to be the greatest of all. Stegner's commentary on <br />policy is necessarily diffuse, because, although he is a <br />Pullitzer Prize-winning historian (for Beyond the Hundredth <br />Meridian: John Wesley Powell and the Second Opening of the <br />West), he is first and foremost a novelist. Great novels -- and <br />Bic Rock Candy Mountain, Wolf Willow, and Angle of Repose are <br />surely that -- work their magic through subtlety, through <br />indirection. But Stegner's wondrous life's work has laid out the <br />people and the places of the West for all of us to see as does no <br />other source. Stegner knows this land and its people and, in the <br />tradition of Muir, Leopold, DeVoto, and Carson, has spoken out <br />many times against the arrogance of trying to dominate nature. <br />He will say this in an upcoming piece that I have seen in <br />galleys: "Behind the pragmatic, manifest-destinarian purpose of <br />pushing western settlement through federal water management was <br />another motive: the hard determination to dominate nature. . . . <br />God and Manifest Desti <br />'conquer' or 'win' the <br />authority to remind us <br />that the manner of the <br />that the land will not <br />ny spoke with one voice urging us to <br />West; and there was no voice of comparable <br />of [the] . . . quiet but profound truth, <br />country makes the usage of life there and <br />be lived except in its own fashion." <br />The final writer who has helped create a new way of thinking <br />about the West is John McPhee. In a straight-forward, even- <br />handed, yet brightly-etched way, McPhee has challenged us to open <br />our minds to geologic time. In Basin and Range, McPhee taught us <br />-8-