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Water Yield Enhancement
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Last modified
1/26/2010 4:41:04 PM
Creation date
7/21/2009 5:02:51 PM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Water Supply Protection
File Number
8461.250
Description
Water Issues
State
CO
Basin
South Platte
Water Division
1
Date
7/12/2002
Author
Rick Cables, William P. Levere
Title
Water Yield Enhancement
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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1 <br />(1981) stated that management of 4.1 million acres of chaparral in the Southwest could <br />increase potential water yield between 1-5 inches. Additionally, Schmidt and Solomon <br />(1981) concluded that type conversion of chaparral could increase future water yield by 60 <br />to 70 percent in parts of Arizona. <br />* Reported percentages are often misleading, especially when applied to very small runoff <br />amounts in terms of ineaningful water yield increases. <br />• Pinyon-Juniper -- Most studies indicate that water yield increases from pinyon juniper <br />management is poor (Clary et al., 1974, Hibbert, 1979, 1981, and 1983). Minimal <br />precipitation, shallow soils, and replacement vegetation account for the scant response of <br />pinyon juniper type conversion and water yield augmentation. <br />• Sagebrush -- Conversion of big sagebrush to other vegetation can increase water yield by <br />15 percent* (inches?) under favorable conditions (Sturges, 1975). Hibbert (1981) estimated <br />a 0-1 inch potential water yield increase from 17.6 million acres of big sagebrush in the <br />Upper Colorado River Basin. Snowfencing and the redistribution of snow by wind <br />improves snowmelt flows and increase runoff in sagebrush regions (Leaf, 1975). <br />* Reported percentages are often misleading, especially when applied to very small runoff <br />amounts in terms of ineaningful water yield increases. <br />• Alpine Zone -- Water yield augmentation in the alpine zone primarily focuses on the use of <br />snowfences and increasing snowdrifts (Martinelli, 1975, Troendle, 1983). The resulting <br />increased snowpack in high elevations will affect the overall snow water equivalent and the <br />timing and quantity of runoff. <br />• Eastern Hardwoods -- Douglass (1983) found that water yield augmentation has excellent <br />potential in the Eastern United States due to high rainfall and dense forests. Studies <br />conducted on the Coweeta experimental watershed indicate a range of water yield increases <br />from 6- 16 inches depending on the amount of treatment and the direction the slope faced <br />(Swank and Crossley, 1988). Results from the Fernow Experimental Forest show that forest <br />cutting increased streamflow by as much as 5 inches (Reinhart et al. 1963) on certain treated <br />watersheds. While yield increases were directly related to the percentage of vegetation <br />removed, growing season increases were larger than those found for the dormant season <br />(Kochenderfer et al. 1990). Hornbeck et al. (1997) summarized decades of research on the <br />Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest whereby three different hardwood watersheds were <br />either clearcut, strip cut, or completely cleared and treated with herbicides. Results indicate <br />a 6 inch, 4.5 inch, and an 11 inch increase in respective water yields. Experiments showed
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