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r ' "* '1. <br />out increases. <br />-- Extensive road systems may inhibit effective yield opportunities due to increased sedim <br />loads and increased drainage density and slope interception which reduce temporary stora, <br />the watershed. <br />-- Healthy riparian communities protect banks from the stress of increased flow frequency <br />duration. <br />-- Large wood and other natural obstructions delay flows thus encouraging water to infiltr; <br />into bank storage and to recharge regional aquifers. <br />9. If water yield augmentation is not generally a reliable option, what other <br />options exist? <br />• One of the most effective and reliable ways to increase water availability is through <br />conservation measures. <br />-- Although this is outside the scope of direct Forest Service authority, we should <br />encourage conservation to the extent practical through public information and education. <br />• Many conservation opportunities exist even in water short areas. Some examples include: <br />-- Moving from flood, furrow, and sprinkler irrigation to drip irrigation. <br />-- Xeriscaping yards with native vegetation and rock. <br />-- Installing reduced flow showerheads and other water saving appliances. <br />-- Utilizing recycled grey water in homes and municipal areas. <br />-- Metering water use and charging appropriate fees for water use. <br />-- Many communities placing high demands on water do not have metering in place <br />to encourage conservation. <br />-- Harvesting water from impervious surfaces in cities and using it to irrigate parks and <br />municipal areas. <br />References: <br />Adams, Theodore E. and Ray Coppock. 1986. Watershed Management and Water Yield. Davis, ( <br />Cooperative Extension, University of California. Leaflet 21420. <br />Bosch, J.M. and J.D. Hewlett. 1982. A Review of Catchment Experiments to Determine the Effec <br />Vegetation Changes on Water Yield and Evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology 55:3-23.