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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:02:34 PM
Creation date
6/1/2009 12:42:10 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
8270
Author
Hayse, J. W., S. F. Daly, A. Tuthill, R. A. Valdez, B. Cowdell and G. Burton.
Title
Effect of Daily Fluctuations from Flaming Gorge Dam on Ice Processes in the Green River.
USFW Year
2000.
USFW - Doc Type
ANL/EA/RP-102041,
Copyright Material
NO
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thermal meltout. During thermal meltout, the ice cover deteriorates through warming and the <br />absorption of solar radiation and melts in place, with no increase in flow and little or no ice <br />movement. At the other extreme is the more complex and less understood mechanical breakup. <br />Mechanical breakup requires no thermal deterioration of the ice cover but rather results from an <br />increase in flow entering the river (e.g., runoff from melting snow). The increase in flow induces <br />stresses in the cover, and the stresses in turn cause cracks and the ultimate fragmentation of the <br />ice cover into pieces that are transported by the channel flow. Ice jams occur at locations where <br />the ice fragments stop; severe and sudden flooding can result when these ice jams form or when <br />they release. Most river ice breakups actually fall somewhere in between the extremes of <br />thermal meltout and mechanical breakup because breakup usually occurs during warming periods <br />when the ice cover strength deteriorates to some degree and the flow entering the river increases <br />due to snow melt or precipitation. As a general rule, the closer that a breakup is to being a <br />mechanical breakup, the more dramatic and dangerous it is because of the sudden increase in <br />flow and the large volume of fragmented ice produced. <br />-5-
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