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E <br />21 <br />Control survey <br />All of the survey techniques used in this study were dependent upon a reliable <br />network of survey control points. During September 1999 three permanent benchmarks <br />were established using survey-grade global positioning system (GPS) equipment. These <br />benchmarks were surveyed from a National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Federal base <br />network control station in Moffat County, Colorado (designation Y 419, PID LN0394) <br />and were used as survey control at the study areas. The primary control point, designated <br />as NRPP1 was established near the headquarters for Dinosaur National Monument. The <br />other benchmarks were established at strategic locations (e.g., where good GPS reception <br />was most likely) near the midpoints of both study sites. A repeat survey from the NGS <br />control point to the primary control benchmark was conducted by a contractor as a check <br />prior to starting airborne laser mapping work. The independent surveys were in relatively <br />close agreement; deviations between the USGS and contractor survey for NRPP1 were <br />0.036 m (x, y) and 0.012 m (z). <br />Transect surveys <br />Initial tansect surveys were performed at the Green River site during November <br />1999 and at the Yampa River site in April 2000. The discharge in the Green River during <br />the November survey was 73 m3/sec and the discharge during the Yampa survey ranged <br />from 137 to 142 m%. GPS, wading, and boat-mounted sounding systems were used to <br />measure cross sections. A high-tension cable was stretched between anchorages <br />established at the ends of each cross section, and depth measurements were made at