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<br /> <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Chapter 6 Total Economic Effects of Actions Taken on Behalf of Endangered <br />Fishes <br />A. Introduction <br />The overall goal of this report is to provide an estimate of changes in economic activity due to <br />actions taken to preserve four types of endangered fishes in the San Juan River. Direct impacts <br />are changes in those economic activities directly affected by changes in the use of river water to <br />address the needs of the fishes. These impacts in turn generate indirect impacts through the <br />linkages in the economy. <br />Several measures of the regional impacts are used in the following sections. Total and sectoral <br />output levels and changes are presented in millions of 1990 dollars. These data project the dollar <br />values of the outputs of each sector in the baseline projection and in the with-fish scenario. In <br />addition, the changes are computed and reported for the region. These changes are calculated by <br />subtracting the WF values from the WOFBA baseline scenario. The changes reported reflect the <br />total of direct and indirect impacts for the region. Employment levels are reported for the <br />WOFBA and WF projections. These are reported as person-years utilized in each sector and in <br />total.zz <br />The study period runs from 1995 through 2040. A given dollar impact that occurs in 2020 is not <br />equivalent to an identical dollar impact in 1995. Specifically, an impact (whether positive or <br />negative) that occurs far in the future is valued less than an identical dollar impact that occurs in <br />the near future. To make these values comparable, they are converted to a common unit known <br />as the present value. A stream of future impacts is converted to a present value through the use <br />of a discount rate.23, za <br />zz One person working throughout the study period equals 45 person-years <br /> <br /> <br />zs This conversion is carried out by using the expression: PV(x)=Y_,=o,T[Ml+r) `] where r is the discount rate <br />and x is the stream of impacts that occur during the interval from the current period (denoted 0) to the final period <br />42 <br />