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tamarisk and box elder (Ater negundo) stands which often overhang the river and form <br />impenetrable barriers at river's-edge. Bed material is predominantly sand. <br />The most upstream study reach is Cedar Ridge, which begins where the river-level <br />bedrock changes to the sandstones of the Wasatch formation, and the valley changes from the <br />low-gradient alluvial section to the high-gradient debris-fan affected-reach. The whitish-green <br />color of the reducing lake bottom environment of the Green River formation gives way to the <br />bright reds of the fluvial Wasatch formation. The Wasatch is predominantly a resistant <br />sandstone deposited by streams than once flowed into the closed basin containing Lake Uinta. <br />Small fluctuations in lake level caused the shallow lakes' shoreline to fluctuate over a wide area. <br />As a result, the Wasatch and Green River formations are highly intertounged and almost <br />indistinguishable from each other through much of the Cedar Ridge reach. Bedrock becomes <br />progressively more resistant downstream, and the alluvial valley gradually-narrows from. a wide <br />alluvial reach to a confined canyon, and the channel contains characteristics of both.. The alluvial <br />valley is wide and filled with broad low angle debris fans which form small rapids. The river has <br />a low gradient between rapids, and is lined by dense vegetation and fine-grained banks. <br />The Surprise Canyon reach is approximately 8 km downstream from the Cedar Ridge <br />reach; the Wasatch formation sandstones are the dominant bedrock in this reach. The alluvial <br />valley is narrower, gradient is higher, and abundant debris fans create numerous riffles and small <br />rapids. Vegetation is sporadic ranging from dense stands of tamarisk and willow on alluvial <br />terraces to unvegetated debris.fan and talus deposits. <br />The Joe Hutch study area begins near the downstream end of Desolation Canyon.. The <br />canyon walls recede from the river, and the Wasatch formation erodes away in the stair-like <br />escarpment of the Roan Cliffs. As the Wasatch formation erodes back, the alluvial valley widens <br />and the siltstones and shales of the Flagstaff and North Horn formations appear at river level. <br />Several large debris flows have occurred recently in this reach. Rapids are larger than those <br />found upstream and reflect the increased debris flow activity. The two largest rapids in <br />Desolation Canyon ,Wire Fence and Three Fords, occur about 1 km downstream from this reach. <br />The Coal Creek study reach is the farthestdownstream and is within Gray Canyon. The <br />river in this reach is narrowly confined by acliff-forming sandstone member of the Cretaceous <br />Mesa Verde formation. The alluvial valley is almost completely constrained by bedrock cliffs <br />which often rise vertically from the waters' edge. Debris flows entering the channel here do not <br />enter a broad alluvial valley, and fans are often narrow and steep. Large recirculating eddies <br />occur downstream from these fans. <br />METHODS <br />Flow patterns and the location of shorelines were mapped in the 4 study reaches in order <br />to measure the areal extent and distribution of eddies and low-velocity zones at a wide range of <br />discharges. These data were combined with data describing substrate and bank materials. Maps <br />were made at discharges between 2,100 and 27,000 ft3/s. Surficial geology of the river corridor <br />was mapped to determine the distribution. of alluvial deposits, and to compare and contrast the <br />relationship between these deposits and available habitat in each of the study reaches.- Cross <br />sections of the channel were measured to help characterize the geomorphic variability within and <br />between reaches. Finally, historical oblique photos taken in Desolation and Gray Canyons were <br />A-3 <br />