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as well, and in both directions. Stream passage for Colorado squawfish, although perhaps technically possible, is in a very early stage of research and development. Retrofitting existing facilities would be very costly, with no guarentee of success at this time. The extirpation of Colorado squawfish from the lower Colorado Rive is due primarily to habitat alteration. It is somewhat~larming to assume further a,~teration would be helpful, because man has a history of attempting to ~t -'~''s 2f~e"n ~' ~-^' ~- { ~ b ~ ( ~ f ~-~ t: `nowt~f f• ! rL Zr~. 2,1So WvA~ 4.-C.CeS52S • ~~- ~'°"" '~ improve on the works of nature, and frequently finds he is not up to the task. ~` -~C1O.-s QK Attempts to provide new, better, or more productive aquatic habitats must be $tv.~t` approached with caution, because these may result in an opposite affect. The "Frankenstein Effect" (Moyle, et al 1985) is a reality that must be avoided, i.e., immediate and local solutions to problems that cause adverse effects over a long-term, or widespread scale. In case of Colorado River Fishes, a narrow, species (or life stage) approach might have negative effects on other fish species, or life stages of the same species. Far too often pro3ects have been ill-planned, politically expediate approaches to management, with little or no followwp, or pro3ect maintenance. If we are to provide new or improve old habitats, it can only be successful if ecological requirements are met. This is a challenge that is recognized in the RIP, and the following stipulations are to be met before habitat development and management studies may occur (USFWS 1987): 1. Testing and implementation of management techniques will not be conducted in confirmed spawning and nursery areas, or in river reaches which, 28