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~~ ~~ U~ ~ Y water development pro3ects, begain unding research to learn more about ~S tt ~ Colorado squawfish requirements. , rovisions of the t ~n/ ~'esv~'~ ~w ~+G c~¢v~~e' t~+-r °~""l ID ~38gement options for this species. 'tea d.~~G~~~ ~ e s s ecifis recovery plans (IISFWS 1978,1988) and regional P .~ i~? ~pa~' ~e ~ recovery implementations plans (USFWS 1987) were drafted by cooperative ~ ~e- tlr a efforts of Federal, State, and other agencies. Management options s ~~e5 a highes~ priority on removing the threat o€ place~ . G,~, Z ~ i ~-~,rv.x . extinction.~~ downlisting the species from endangered toi~hG e~a,~ e~ned ~*o v-r 4d~.. r;~e~~v wr^w~L+_ status (partial recovery), or delisting-(full recovery) arm Only after these goals are met should they optio s beyconsidered. lt~ ~- Gi Qt1T ~° As stated by Frankel (1983) there are three elements to conservation: the ~ k l ? " ! e (Fran target (in this case Colorado squawfish), "time scale of concern - ~,u is dcf~r, he ,,..._ ~ ac~~~t~ ~ . 1974), and management. Management affects the distribution, abundance, an~k~ ` ~,•~~5~'- numerical relationships of, and between species. Whereas "preservation" isro£t 0 ~ 4~e ti~ ,~~~ G~ a4 L~ a1~~-i~~ yew, reservation of a species touted~.'~° "^^'*'r r^~'e!~~'S'rt> in the strict sense, p ~ can be accomplished by a zoo, or other refugium. In contrast, conservation can only be accomplished within an ecosystem concept. It is therefore critical that ecological aspects of management prevail in endangered species management: an understanding of facors limiting the distribution and abundancE of the target animal must be well understood and incorporated into any management attempt! Preceeding sections have discussed the life cycle and ecology of the fish as background for management. The following summarizes my interpretation of important management activities to date, and provides recommendations for 19