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Fish were allowed to acclimate to observation aquaria for <br />60 to 90 min before being tested for presence of a fright <br />pheromone-induced reaction. After the acclimation period, <br />movements of fish in each aquarium were video recorded for 1 min, <br />followed by introduction of fright-pheromone extract and an <br />additional 1 min of video recording. Behavioral assays were <br />conducted such that persons responsible for video camera <br />operation and fright-pheromone injections were unaware (blind) of <br />the toxicant-exposure treatment assigned to fish within each <br />aquarium. Upon conclusion of behavioral assays, fish were <br />preserved for SEM or returned to culture facilities so that they <br />could be re-assayed after 2 weeks to verify that Colorado <br />squawfish can regenerate olfactory receptor cells after <br />contaminant exposure. <br />Video interpretation was conducted by an observer who was <br />unaware (blind) of the toxicant-exposure treatment assigned to <br />fish within each aquarium. Criteria used to identify a positive <br />fright reaction were demonstration of one or more of the <br />following characteristic behaviors (1) cover seeking: <br />characterized by fish assembling into a polarized school, moving <br />toward the bottom of the aquarium, and reduced movement, <br />(2) agitated: characterized by rapid movements and frequent <br />turning, and (3) dashing: characterized by one or more fish <br />displaying frenzied behavior including jumping out of the water, <br />repeated and rapid changes in direction, and swimming against <br />aquarium walls. Criteria were used only to qualify presence or <br />7 <br />