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<br />~ ~ ~S
<br />300
<br />hydrolysis (Ackman et al. 1966; Merrit 1966).
<br />Lower temperatures could be beneficial but were
<br />not included in this study.
<br />Unfortunately, no treatment with a single
<br />chemical preservative is known to work satisfac-
<br />torily to limit the FFA formation as much as
<br />desirable. Basically the presence of both fat and
<br />aqueous phases hinders distribution of most effec-
<br />tive agents. A multiple-component preservative
<br />based on or including sodium hypochlorite solu-
<br />tions should be developed to inhibit effectively
<br />both bacterial and enzymatic processes in cod
<br />livers.
<br />ACKMAN, R. G., AND C. A. ETON. 1971. Mackerel lipids
<br />and fatty acids. Can. Inst. Food Technol. J. 4:
<br />169-174.
<br />ACKMAN, R. G., J. E. STEWART, AND H. E. POWER. 1966.
<br />Free fatty acid formation in cod livers sterilized by
<br />irradiation. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 23: 155-1 S6.
<br />AOCS. 1972. Official and tentative methods of the Ameri-
<br />can Oil Chemists' Society. 3rd ed., revised to 1972,
<br />Champaign, lll.
<br />BRODY, ]. 1965. Fishery by-products technology. The AV1
<br />I'ub. Co., Inc., Westport, Conn., USA. p. 47-68.
<br />BUTLER, C. 1948. The fish liver oil industry. U.S. Fish
<br />Wildl. Serv. Fish. Leafi. No. 233: 31-36.
<br />DOBOSZ.YNSKA, B. 1971. Polish fish oil as a valuable source
<br />of Vitamin D. Farm. Pol. (Polish Pharmacy) 27:
<br />873-874.
<br />DOLBISH, G. A. 1967. Preserving offish liver for maintain-
<br />ing vitamin A in the tat. Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno.
<br />Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr. 60: 151-162.
<br />J. FISH. RES. BOARD CAN., VOL. 32(2), 1975
<br />~7~aC~ l
<br />GUTTMANN, A., N. DAMBERGS, AND P. M. JANGAARD.
<br />1967. Preservation of raw materials for fish protein
<br />concentrate with isopropyl alcohol. J. Fish. Res.
<br />Board Can. 24: 895-986.
<br />GUT"rMANN, A., AND F. A. VANDENHEUVEL. 1958. A IIVer
<br />preservation procedure. Fish. Res. Board Can. Prog.
<br />Rep. Atl. Coast Sta. 68: 17-19.
<br />JANGAARD, P. M., AND H. E. POWER. 1966. DeCOmpOSI-
<br />tion of cod livers and the formation of free fatty acids
<br />in cod oils. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 23: 21-25.
<br />MERRI"I'"r, C. 1966. Chemical change induced by irradiation
<br />in meats and meat components. J. Food Irradiat. Proc.
<br />Int. Symp., p. 197-210.
<br />NORRI$, F. A., AND D. 1'. GRETTIE. (SWIf[ and Co.) 1967.
<br />Inhibition of hydrolysis of fats. U.S. Pat. 3,300,524
<br />(Cl. 23-280), Jan. 24.
<br />SCHUL"rl, H. W., E. A. DAY, AND R. O. SINNHUBER.
<br />1962. Symposium on food: Lipids and their oxidation.
<br />The AVI Publishing Co., lnc. Westport, Conn.,
<br />USA. p. 31-50.
<br />SWERN, D. 1964. Bailey's industrial oil and fat products.
<br />3rd ed., lnterscience Publishers, New York, N.Y. p.
<br />240-241.
<br />THIES, H., AND M. STEINIGEN. 1966. Determmatlon Of
<br />vitamin A in cod liver oil and vitamin concentrates.
<br />Dtsch. Apoth.-'Ltg. 160: 1451-1454.
<br />TRIBBLE, T. B., AND E. L. RoNDENET. 1967. PreServatlve
<br />composition For fatty materials. U.S. Pat. 3,318,819
<br />(CI. 252-403), May 9.
<br />VOLKOVA, N. S., J. FRANCO-BETANCOURT, U. VASQUEX,
<br />I. PEDROSO, AND M. REBOSO. 1971. Preservation of
<br />shark liver oil with sodium bisulfate. Proc. All-Union
<br />Res. Inst. Marine Fish and Ocean (Soviet-Cuban
<br />Fisheries Res.) 3: 175-178.
<br />Experimental Study of Galvanonarcosis for Rainbow
<br />Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Immobilization
<br />BOYD KYNARD AND EDWARD LONSDALE
<br />Arizona Cooperative Fishery Unit, University of'Arizorul, Tucson, Ariz. 85721, USA
<br />KYNARD, B., AND E. LONSDALE. 1975. Experimental study of galvanonarcosis for rainbow trout
<br />(Salmo gairdneri) immobilization. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32: 300-302.
<br />Galvanonarcosis treatments had no significant effert on growth or photonegative behavior of
<br />rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The data indicate the potential usefulness of the technique for
<br />immobilizing fish.
<br />KYNARD, B., AND E. LONSDALE. 1975. Experimental study of galvanonarcosis for rainbow trout
<br />(Scrlmo gairdneri) immobilization. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32:300-302.
<br />La galvanonarcose n'affecte pas de fa~on significative la croissance ou le comportement
<br />photonegatif de la trvite arc-en-ciel (Salmo gairdneri). Les donnees demontrent I'utilite poten-
<br />tielle de la methode pour immobiliser les poisons.
<br />Received July 17, 1974
<br />Accepted October 22, 1974
<br />Re~u le 17 juillet 1974
<br />Accepte le 22 octobre 1974
<br />Printed in Canada (J3495)
<br />Imprime au Canada (J3495)
<br />
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