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2.16 Federal Water Planning and Development Section 16 gives a brief description of various agency programs. Although the activities of federal agencies are changing, many historical programs are still available. To use them, local people must be informed about program functions and how to gain access. With this information, better interagency and local working relationships are possible. The impact of threatened and endangered species must be considered and planned for in all water planning and development projects. A list of candidates and listed endangered species is presented. Some of the endangered species are razorback sucker, bony tail chub, Colorado pike- minnow (formerly Colorado squawfish), whooping crane, humpback chub, black-footed ferret, barneby ridge-cress, shrubby reed-mustard and the southwestern willow flycatcher. 2.17 Water Conservation This section discusses conservation ideas and their significance to water planning. The need for water pricing measures to provide stable revenues for water users to improve efficiency is also addressed as an important part of any conservation program. Water sources presently being developed are expensive. New sources will be even rnore costly. The time to think about and teach conservation has come. Fortunately, water development in the basin has kept ahead of water needs in modem times. During the next generation (25-30 years), developed supplies in some systems will become fully used, and scarcity will return to some parts of the basin unless new supplies are developed. Conversion of some irrigation water to municipal and industrial uses will likely occur. Increasing the efficiency of farm irrigation practices should continue. Water quality is important in setting up a conservation program. If the goal is to conserve high quality water for meeting culinary growth demand, then providing a separate irrigation pipe network to utilize non-potable water for lawn and garden irrigation may be a logical solution. Issues impacting water conservation are the need for communities to have plans for future growth, secondary water systems, water-conserving landscapes, and effective water rate schedules. Every community should develop water management and conservation plans and study the feasibility of constructing secondary water systems. Local cornrnunities should also study water-conserving landscapes and adopt water rate schedules that encourage water conservation. 2.18 Industrial Water Section 18 discusses the present and future uses of water for industrial purposes in the Uintah Basin. For this report, industrial water use is defined as water used in mining and manufacturing operations including the production of oil, gas, chemicals, fertilizer or other products. It includes power production, processing, washing, mineral slurrying, oil well water-flooding and cooling operations, as well as ernployee use. Also included, to the extent they can be identified, are such activities as gravel- washing and ready mix concrete production. Present industrial water use for the Uintah Basin is about 11,830 acre-feet. Hydroelectric and coal-fired power plants have a total capacity of 150,400 kw, with Flaming Gorge producing 145,850 kw. 2.19 Groundwater Groundwater in the Uintah Basin has been developed for use as public water supplies, irrigation water and stock-watering. Springs were the first method developed to access underground water, followed by wells. Section 19 describes groundwater conditions in the Uintah Basin. The boundaries of an aquifer are physical, thus they may outcrop, i.e., be offset by faulting against an impermeable rock unit. Aquifers may grade laterally into a lower permeability deposit due to changes in the depositional environment, or they may thin and disappear. At any given location, the land surface may be underlain by several aquifers. Each aquifer may have different chemical quality and different hydraulic potential. Each aquifer may be recharged in a different location and rnay flow in a different direction. Groundwater 2-7