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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report-was approved by <br />the Governing Board of the National Research Counr.il, whose members are <br />drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National <br />Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the <br />committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special <br />competences and with regard for appropriate balance. <br />This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors, <br />according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting <br />of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of <br />Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. <br />The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit <br />self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific <br />and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and <br />technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority <br />of-the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a <br />mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific <br />and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National <br />Academy of Sciences. <br />The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the <br />charter of the National Academy of Sciences,` as a parallel organization of <br />outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the <br />selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences <br />the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National <br />Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting <br />national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the <br />superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of <br />the National Academy of Engineering. <br />The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National <br />Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of <br />appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to <br />the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility <br />given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to <br />be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to <br />identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel 0. <br />Their is president of the Institute of Medicine. <br />The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of <br />Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and <br />technology with the Academy's purpose of furthering knowledge and advising <br />the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies <br />determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating <br />agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the"National Academy <br />of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and <br />the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered <br />jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press <br />and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of <br />the National Research Council. <br />Support for the project was provided by the United States Department of <br />the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation under Cooperative Agreement Number <br />6-FC-40-04240. <br />Available from <br />Water Science and Technology Board " <br />National Research Council <br />2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. <br />Washington, D.C. 20418 <br />Printed in the United States of America <br />