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Changing Fish Fauna of the Southwest 391 streams." Since then the Loch Leven or brown trout (S. trutta) has been added. Whether there are still uncontaminated stocks of native Arizona trout in the headwaters of the Little Colorado River I am not sure, but a sample collected by E. C. Becker at about 11,000 feet (near the summit of Mt. Ord) in 1938 represents the original form (UMMZ 157653). A native cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki Richardson, was once com- mon in Pine Valley and Grass Valley, southwestern Utah, at the head of Santa Clara River. It may have inhabited upper tributaries of the North Fork of the Virgin River, above Zion National Park, according to Vere Beckstrom whom I contacted in 1950 at the Pine Valley store. In 1907, he caught 350 native trout in Pine Valley in one day. I also talked to M. E. Bracken of Central, Utah, then 93 years old. He came to St. George in 1861 and to Pine Valley in 1863, when he first saw the trout. Most individuals did not exceed 12 inches and were "better tasting than rainbow or brown." The "mountain trout" did not come far down the streams, not much beyond the junction of the "Middle Fork and Left Fork" in Pine Valley. Mr. Bracken believed that trout were planted in the region shortly after 1900. Native trout still persisted in the headwaters of Pine Valley as late as 1934, when Arthur Paxman and V. M. Tanner collected 7 specimens (deposited at Brigham Young University). All informants were in accord, in 1950, that the only native stock still persisting is confined to the upper part of Main Canyon Creek in Grass Valley. Kumen Gardner, owner of Gardner Ranch near the mouth of Main Canyon, informed me that the creek was planted with rainbow trout during the period from 1915 to 1920, but not since then. It is now necessary to hike several miles up above the ranch to Reservoir Canyon to obtain the native trout, as most of the fish taken near the ranch show characters that indicate hybridization and backcrossing between the rainbow and native cutthroat (observations in 1950 and 1959; material at Michi- gan). In 1910, Mr. Gardner said that, he easily caught 100 native trout a day. Depletion and extermination of the cutthroat trout fishery in Pyramid Lake, Nevada, have been described at length (Sumner, 1940; Trelease, 1949), and numerous other instances of the disappearance of native trouts could be cited (e.g., see Pratt, 1937). The Colorado squawfish or "salmon," as it is locally known, is one ,of the world's largest minnows and was an important source of food I