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388 Robert Rush Miller • r Although the Comanche Springs population of Cyprinodon elegans appears to have become extinct, the species still persists in Phantom: Lake and its outlet near Toyahvale,'Texas. Characodon lateralis Gunther.-This species was recorded from Parras, Coahuila, before the turn of the century, but has not been taken there since (Hubbs and Turner, 1939, p. 57). Like Stypodon signifer and Cyprinodon latifasciatus„it has probably been extermi- nated from Coahuila, for reasons given under the account of Stypodon. The only member of an endemic Mexican family otherwise living farther to the south, this fish still persists in the headwaters of the Rio Mezquital around Durango City, Durango. Archoplites interruptus (Girard), Sacramento perch. This, the only native sunfish west of the Rocky Mountains (Miller, 1959, p. 199, figs. 8-9), is an interesting relict endemic to the Central Valley and neighboring coastal streams of California. It was very abun- dant in early days, inhabiting sloughs and sluggish channels as well as lakes.5 Its numbers have been greatly reduced, presumably by the g establishment of exotic species and changing ecological conditions, so that it has become scarce over its native range except in a few isolated localities. Its spawning habits are unique for the family since no nest is built and the eggs are unguarded (Murphy, 1948). Jordan and Gilbert (1894) wrote of the species in Clear Lake: "Formerly very common, but now becoming scarcer as its spawning grounds are devastated by the carp.... The destruction of this valuable fish is one of the most unfortunate results of the ill-advised introduction of s the carp into California waters." Failure of the adults to guard the eggs was not serious in aboriginal times but has subsequently made the species vulnerable to predation by such introduced species as the bluegill. Although endangered in its natural habitat, the species has become successfully established elsewhere, for example in Walker Lake, Nevada. Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Girard, unarmored threespine stickleback.-This freshwater stickleback was based on 8 specimens collected in 1853 in "Williamson's Pan," California, which is in the headwaters of Santa Clara River (Fig, 1), Los Angeles County (Mil- ler, 1961). It has apparently always been restricted in the Santa 'In 1849, for example, it was abundant and grew to be 15 to 20 inches long in lakes in the San Joaquin and Tulare valleys (Harris, 1960, p. 106, as "black perch"),