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Changing Fish Fauna of the Southwest 375 Between 1890 and 1895 the woundfin, Plagopterus argentissimus Cope (Miller and Hubbs, 1960), was present in the Gila River at its mouth (Gilbert and Scofield, 1898, p. 496). Other species listed in Table I that were taken only in the lower Gila include the desert pup- fish, Cyprinodon macularius Baird and Girard, and the Gila top- minnow, Poeciliopsis occidentalis (Baird and Girard). That the habi- tat in the lower Gila River was very favorable for these quiet-water species is indicated in the report by Antisell (1857, p. 133), which describes how the river spread broadly and was in places swampy and overgrown with willows. The appearance of the euryhaline striped mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, around 1934-35, and of the machete or ten-pounder, Elops affinis Regan, in 1941 (Glidden, 1941), is plausibly attributed to the disappearance of the predatory Colorado squawfish and likely also to other ecological changes, such as the ad- vent of clear water and a relatively stable flow. A number of the exotic species represent intentional introductions or bait releases (Miller, 1952,• Hubbs, 1954; Kimsey, Hagy, and McCammon, 1957; Shapovalov, Dill, and Cordone, 1959, p. 166), and still other intro- duced forms may now occur in the Colorado around Yuma (Beland, 1953b; St. Amant,1959). The recent record (Hubbs,1953) of Eleotris picta Kner and Steindachner from a canal spillway north of Yuma is not included in the tabulation since this specimen obviously repre- sents a rare straggler; the species has not been taken from the Colo- rado River, and there have been no subsequent records from the lower Colorado River basin. BAN PEDBO RIVER (TABLE II) In 1846 the Colorado squawfish was reported to have run up the San Pedro River to about Fairbank (Fig. 1), and remains of this species have been recovered from an archaeological site along this river at nearby Quiburi (Miller, 1955, pp. 133-134) ; the trash heap containing the fishbones was dated as A.D. 1704-63. Humpback suck- ers also once inhabited the San Pedro for they were reported by Chamberlain to have been marketed at Tombstone as "buffalo," probably prior to the 1880's (Miller, 1955, p. 134). The desert pupfish, described from the San Pedro River near Benson, evidently inhabited the then marshy canyon just below (Leopold, 1951, p. 310), but has not since been collected from the Arizona part of that river. The species was taken, however, 100 years after its original capture, in r