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<br />392 The Southwestern Naturalist vol. 26, Ito, <br />sion of the ranges of introduced species in the Southwest. Competition <br />between native and introduced species also may contribute to a decline in <br />population of native fishes (Hubbs, 1955). We feel that each of these factors <br />may be operative in the lower White River. The introduced red shiner in <br />particular has increased in abundance in the last 10 years. Red shiners made <br />up less than 1.0%a of the population in 1971 (Holden and Stalnaker, 1975), <br />51.8% in 1974 (Crosby, 1975), and 62.5%a in 1979. Red shiners probably out- <br />compete juvenile native fishes in marginal habitats (Holden, 1980; McNatt <br />et al., 1980; Minckley and Carufel, 1967; Minckley and Deacon, 1968). <br />Our collection of Colorado squawfish is the first documented in the Utah <br />portion of the White River. Squawfish have been found at the confluence of <br />the Green and White rivers, and several were observed or collected in the <br />upper White River in Colorado in the late 1960's (Everhart and May, 1973; <br />May, 1970). Carlson et al. (1979) reported two Squawfish in the Colorado <br />portion of the White River 84 km upstream from the Utah border during <br />1977, a year of extreme drought. <br />In our study adult squawfish were found in backwaters, eddies, and side <br />channels with predominantly sand substrate. Water depth Varied from 0.6 to <br />1.3 m and water velocity from 0.0 to 0.30 m; sec. These findings conform <br />with data on electivity curves reported for squawfish by other authors <br />(Holden, 1977; Seethaler, 1978). <br />Young-of-the-year squawfish have been found in shallow backwaters <br />where there is little current and a silt bottom (Holden, 1977); juveniles have <br />been collected in the deeper sections of backwater areas (Vanicek, 1967; <br />Holden, 1977). Although this type of habitat was extensively sampled <br />throughout our study,'no young squawfish were found. <br />Other endemic fishes of the White River also showed a preference for cer- <br />tain types of habitat. Young roundtail chubs commonly were found in pools <br />where there was some water movement, such as those below riffles, and <br />pools formed by debris on the margins of the river. Adults, which are well <br />adapted to swift current, were found in deeper water than were the young. <br />Speckled dace were commonly found in water less than 1 in deep and it. <br />riffle areas with a rubble-covered bottom. Large flannelmouth suckers cafe <br />tured or observed during the spring (May-June) sampling were usually near` <br />or in shallow water (0.66 m) over sandbars. Their ripe condition, indicated <br />by tubercles on males, and our ability to express sex products from botb <br />sexes indicated that the fish were spawning. Later in the summer the suckeh <br />typically were found in the relatively deep water of runs or pools. Like, <br />juveniles of other species, young flannelmouth suckers typically occu <br />shallow, marginal waters of a river (McAda, 1979), and were readily captur <br />in this type of habitat in the White River. <br />The Utah Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is supported jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildli <br />Service, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and Utah State Universitv. <br />LITERATURE CITED - - <br />BAUMANN, R., A. GAUFIN, AND R. WINGET. 1975. Aquatic habitat evaluation of the White RIB <br />Uintah County, Utah. Final Rep., Utah Div. Wildl. Resour., Salt Lake City, 34 pp. <br />CARLSON, C. A., ET AL. 1979. Fishes and macroinvertebrates of the White and Yampa rtv <br />Colorado. BLM Biol. Sci. Set., 1. Denver. 276 pp. <br />November 1981 Lanigan and Berry-White River Fish Distribution 393 <br />t,ROSBY, C. 1975. White River fish collections. Utah Div. Wildl. Resources, Regional Off., <br />Vernal, 10 pp. (unpubl., mimeo.) <br />(;Ross. J. 1976. Status of the native fish fauna of the Moapa River (Clark County, Nevada). <br />Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 105:503.508. <br />DEACON- ?., AND W. BRADLEY. 1972. Ecological distribution of fishes of Moapa (Muddy) River <br />in Clark County, Nevada. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 101:408-419. <br />If'RHART, H., AND B. MAY. 1973. Effects of chemical variation in aquatic environments. In <br />Vol. 1, Biota and chemistry of Piceance Creek. [.T <br />S. Environ. Protect. Agency, EcOI. Res. <br />Ser., EPA-R3-73-01 IA. <br />T, FN, P. 1977. A study of the habitat use and movement of the rare fishes in the Green River <br />from Jensen to Green River. Utah, August and September, 1977. Final Rep. PR-13-1 for <br />Western Energy and Land Use "ream. U.S. Fish Wildl. Sen., Ft. Collins. BIO WEST, <br />Inc., Logan. 65 pp. <br />1980. Ecology of riverine fishes in regulated stream systems with emphasis on the Colo- <br />rado River. Pp. 57-74, The ecology of regulated streams. in (J. V. Ward and J. A. Stan- <br />ford, (eds.). Plenum Publ. Corp., New York. <br />in.uENN. P., AND J. IRVINE. 1975. A study of the aquatic fauna and flora of Escalante Canyon. <br />Utah. Final Rep., Natl. Park Serv., Denver. 19 pp, (unpubl., mimeo). <br />fM DFN. P.. AND C. STALNARER. 1970. Systematic studies of the csprinid genus Gila. in the <br />upper Colorado River basin. Copeia. 1970:409-420. <br />'?nuFN. P., AND C. STALNARER. 1975. Distribution and abundance of mainstream fishes of the <br />middle and upper Colorado River basins, 1967-1973. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 104217- <br />^31. <br />RR., C. 1955. Hybridization between fish species in nature. S}'st. Zool.. 4:1-20. <br />RRS. C.. AND R. XIILLER. 1953. Hybridization in nature benaeen the genera Catosiomus and <br />_Cvrauchen. Papers Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts. Lett., 38:207-233. <br />tNU.sN..S., AND C. BERRY. 1979. Distribution and abundance of endemic fishes in the While <br />River in Utah. Final Rep.. U.S. Bur. Land Mgmt., Utah State Off.. Salt Lake City 84 <br />pp. <br />it . E. 1970. Biota and chemistry of Piceance Creek. M.S. thesis, Colorado State Univ., <br />Ft Collins, 152 pp. <br />C. IV. 1979. Aspects of the life history of three catostomids native to the upper Cu1o- <br />mdo River Basin. M.S. thesis, Utah State Univ., Logan. 117 pp. <br />1D\. C W., C. BERRY, AND C. PHILLIPS. 1980. Distribution OI fishes in the San Rafael River <br />,,stem of the upper Colorado River Basin. Southwestern Nat, 25:41-50. <br />R. M., R. J. HALLOCK, AND A. W. ANDERSON. 1980. Riparian habitat and tnstream <br />Ilow studies. Lower Verde River: Fort-McDowell Reservation. Arizona. Riparian Habitat <br />Analysis Group, U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Region 2, Albuquerque. 52 pp. <br />"RtEY, IV. 1973. Fishes of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, 293 pp. <br />' N1.KI-F.T, IV. L., AND L. H. CARUFEL. 1967. The Little Colorado River spinedace, Leptdomeda <br />uWata, in Arizona. Southwestern Nat., 13:291-302. <br />Rt.2Y, W. L., AND J. E. DEACON. 1968. Southwestern fishes and the enigma of "endangered <br />species." Science, 159:1424-1432. <br />''tnALER. K. 1978. Life history and ecology of the Colorado squawfish (PtYchocheilus luclus) <br />ill the upper Colorado River Basin. M.S. thesis, Utah State Univ.. Logan, 156 pp. <br />(•FoLOGICAL SURVEY. 1977. Water resources data for Utah Part 1. Water quality records. <br />U.S. Geol. Surv., Water Resour. Div., Salt Lake CHI,' Various pagination. <br />1978. Water resources data for Utah Part 2. Water quality records. U.S. Geol. Surv., <br />Water Resour. Div., Salt Lake City, Various pagination. <br />NI DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES. 1977. White River Dam and Reservoir. Prof. Summ. <br />Doc., Utah Div. Water Resour., Salt Lake City, I I pp. <br />:%It 11'ATF DIVISION OF HEALTH. 1977. Wastewater analyses, 1977 tabulation. State of Utah, <br />Dept. Six. Serv., Div. Health. Salt Lake City, 109 pp. <br />Nn"r.K• C. D. 1967. Ecological studies of native Green River fishes below Flaming Gorge <br />Dana, 19114-1966. Ph.D. thesis, Utah State Univ., Logan, 124 pp. <br />")`Itt"" of authors: Ptah Cooperative Fisherv Research Unit. Utah State Univ., Logan, UT <br />1 t»